Respiratory rate
breathing rateraterate of breathingrespiratory frequencyBreath rate sensorbreathingbreathing frequencyR f R'''espirationsrate of respiration
The respiratory rate is the rate at which breathing occurs.wikipedia
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Breathing
breathventilationrespiration
The respiratory rate is the rate at which breathing occurs.
The number of respiratory cycles per minute is the breathing or respiratory rate, and is one of the four primary vital signs of life.



Respiratory center
ventral respiratory groupdorsal respiratory grouppontine respiratory group
This is usually measured in breaths per minute and is set, and controlled by the respiratory centre.
They set and maintain the rate of respiration.

Vital signs
vital signvital statisticsvital function
It is measured regularly to facilitate identification of changes in physiology along with other vital signs.
There are four primary vital signs: body temperature, blood pressure, pulse (heart rate), and breathing rate (respiratory rate), often notated as BT, BP, HR, and RR.




Respiratory minute volume
minute ventilationminute volumebreathing volume
Respiratory minute volume is the volume of air which is inhaled (inhaled minute volume) or exhaled (exhaled minute volume) from the lungs in one minute.
If both tidal volume (V T ) and respiratory rate (ƒ or RR) are known, minute volume can be calculated by multiplying the two values.
Respiratory system
respiratoryrespirationrespiratory organs
The number of breath cycles per minute is known as the respiratory rate.









Parabrachial nuclei
parabrachial areaparabrachial nucleusLateral parabrachial nucleus
The subparabrachial nucleus regulates the breathing rate.
Human
humanshuman beinghuman beings
The respiratory rate in humans is measured by counting the number of breaths for one minute through counting how many times the chest rises.









Optical fiber
fiber opticfiber opticsfiber-optic
A fibre-optic breath rate sensor can be used for monitoring patients during a magnetic resonance imaging scan.









Magnetic resonance imaging
MRIMRI scanmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
A fibre-optic breath rate sensor can be used for monitoring patients during a magnetic resonance imaging scan.









Fever
pyrexiafebrileague
Respiration rates may increase with fever, illness, or other medical conditions.



Stethoscope
stethoscopesbell of the stethoscopeelectronic stethoscope
One study compared respiratory rate counted using a 90-second count period, to a full minute, and found significant differences in the rates.. Another study found that rapid respiratory rates in babies, counted using a stethoscope, were 60–80% higher than those counted from beside the cot without the aid of the stethoscope.









Pneumograph
pneumographyelectropneumography
Various other methods to measure respiratory rate are commonly used, including impedance pneumography, and capnography which are commonly implemented in patient monitoring.

Capnography
capnographcapnometrycapnometer
Various other methods to measure respiratory rate are commonly used, including impedance pneumography, and capnography which are commonly implemented in patient monitoring.



Electrocardiography
electrocardiogramECGEKG
In addition novel techniques for automatically monitoring respiratory rate using wearable sensors are in development, such as estimation of respiratory rate from the electrocardiogram, photoplethysmogram and accelerometry signals.









Photoplethysmogram
PhotoplethysmographphotoplethysmographyPPG
In addition novel techniques for automatically monitoring respiratory rate using wearable sensors are in development, such as estimation of respiratory rate from the electrocardiogram, photoplethysmogram and accelerometry signals.








Accelerometer
accelerometersG-sensoracceleration sensor
In addition novel techniques for automatically monitoring respiratory rate using wearable sensors are in development, such as estimation of respiratory rate from the electrocardiogram, photoplethysmogram and accelerometry signals.

Inhalation
inspirationinhaledinhale
Respiratory minute volume is the volume of air which is inhaled (inhaled minute volume) or exhaled (exhaled minute volume) from the lungs in one minute.
Exhalation
expirationexhaleexhaled
Respiratory minute volume is the volume of air which is inhaled (inhaled minute volume) or exhaled (exhaled minute volume) from the lungs in one minute.
Lung
lungspulmonaryright lung
Respiratory minute volume is the volume of air which is inhaled (inhaled minute volume) or exhaled (exhaled minute volume) from the lungs in one minute.









Oxygen saturation
dissolved oxygenblood oxygen saturationcentral venous oxygen saturation
One study found that only 33% of people presenting to an emergency department with an oxygen saturation below 90% had an increased respiratory rate.


Crying
cryweepingsobbing
It has also been reported that factors such as crying, sleeping, agitation and age have a significant influence on the respiratory rate.






Sleep
sleepingsleep architectureasleep
It has also been reported that factors such as crying, sleeping, agitation and age have a significant influence on the respiratory rate.









Hypoventilation training
Hypoventilation training is a physical training method in which periods of exercise with reduced breathing frequency are interspersed with periods with normal breathing.
Hypopnea
Hypopnea syndromeshallow breathing
Hypopnea is overly shallow breathing or an abnormally low respiratory rate.
Autonomic nervous system
autonomicautonomous nervous systemautonomic functions
The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions such as the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal.



