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Battle of Antietam

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Battle of the American Civil War fought on September 17, 1862, between Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and Union Gen. George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac near Sharpsburg, Maryland and Antietam Creek.

Lincoln with McClellan and staff at the Grove Farm after the battle. Notable figures (from left) are 1. Col. Delos Sackett; 4. Gen. George W. Morell; 5. Alexander S. Webb, Chief of Staff, V Corps; 6. McClellan;. 8. Dr. Jonathan Letterman; 10. Lincoln; 11. Henry J. Hunt; 12. Fitz John Porter; 15. Andrew A. Humphreys; 16. Capt. George Armstrong Custer.

Battlefield of Antietam, situation September 15 to 16, 1862

Assaults by the I Corps, 5:30 to 7:30 a.m.

Dead Confederate soldiers from Starke's Louisiana Brigade, on the Hagerstown Turnpike, north of the Dunker Church. Photograph by Alexander Gardner.

Assaults by the XII Corps, 7:30 to 9:00 a.m.

The Dunker Church after September 17, 1862. Here, both Union and Confederate dead lie together on the field.

Assaults by the XII and II Corps, 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.

Confederate dead lie in the "Bloody Lane" after the Battle of Antietam, 1862.

Assaults by the IX Corps, 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

Confederate dead gathered for burial after the battle. Photograph by Alexander Gardner.

Photograph by Alexander Gardner of Lincoln and McClellan near the Antietam battlefield, October 3, 1862

{{center|Charge of the 51st New York and 51st Pennsylvania across Burnside's Bridge, by Edwin Forbes}}

{{center|Battle of Antietam by Kurz and Allison}}

{{center|Confederate guns on the hill above poured fire into the Union ranks at Burnside's bridge. Photo taken just after the Battle of Antietam, 1862.}}

Union positions below the Confederates at Burnside Bridge

{{center|Confederate soldiers on the Antietam battlefield as they fell inside the fence on the Hagerstown road, September 1862 by Alexander Gardner}}

{{center|Harper's Weekly drawing of dead soldiers on Antietam battlefield, based on Gardner photograph}}

{{center|Confederate horses lay dead and artillery caissons destroyed on Antietam battlefield<ref>Site identified by Frassanito, pp. 168–70.</ref>}}

{{center|Dead on Antietam battlefield<ref>Site identified by Robert Kalasky, "Military Images" Volume XX, Number 6 May–June 1999, pp. 24–29.</ref>}}

{{center|Confederate dead at Bloody Lane, looking east from the north bank. Alexander Gardner photograph.}}

{{center|Confederate dead at Bloody Lane, looking northeast from the south bank. Alexander Gardner photograph.<ref>The Union soldiers looking on were likely members of the 130th Pennsylvania, who were assigned burial detail</ref>}}

{{center|"Confederate soldier who after being wounded had evidently dragged himself to a little ravine on the hillside where he died". Photograph by Alexander Gardner.}}

{{center|Federal burial party, by Alexander Gardner<ref>Site identified by Frassanito, pp. 144–47.</ref>}}

{{center|Burying Union dead on the Antietam battlefield}}

{{center|"A Lonely Grave"—Federal grave at Antietam, by Alexander Gardner<ref>Site identified by Frassanito, pp. 171–74.</ref>}}

{{center|Antietam Battlefield photograph, by Alexander Gardner<ref>Original description claimed "Battlefield of Antietam on the Day of the Battle" September 17, 1862; however, see Frassanito, pp. 70–73.</ref>}}

{{center|"Artillery Hell", by James Hope (Dunker Church at the far left)}}

{{center|"A Fateful Turn"—Late morning looking east toward the Roulette Farm", by James Hope}}

{{center|"The Aftermath at Bloody Lane", by James Hope}}

{{center|"Wasted Gallantry", by James Hope}}

{{center|"A Crucial Delay", by James Hope}}

{{center|The Lutheran Church just east of Sharpsburg marks the extent of the Union offensive during the Battle of Antietam, 1862.}}

"Battle of Antietam" by Thure de Thulstrup, showing the charge of the Iron Brigade near Dunker Church

Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia—about 55,000 men —entered the state of Maryland on September 3, following their victory at Second Bull Run on August 30.

Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson (brigades of Cols. Alfred Cumming, W. A. Parham, and Carnot Posey, and Brig. Gens. Lewis Armistead, Roger A. Pryor, and Ambrose R. Wright).

A. P. Hill

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Confederate general who was killed in the American Civil War.

Portrait of Hill by William Ludwell Sheppard, 1898

After the start of the American Civil War, he gained early fame as the commander of the "Light Division" in the Seven Days Battles and became one of Stonewall Jackson's ablest subordinates, distinguishing himself in the 1862 battles of Cedar Mountain, Second Bull Run, Antietam, and Fredericksburg.

His division under Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson fought in the unsuccessful second day assaults against Cemetery Ridge, while his favorite division commander, Maj. Gen. William Dorsey Pender, commanding the Light Division, was severely wounded, which prevented that division from cooperating with the assault.

Union General George B. McClellan and Confederate General Robert E. Lee, the principal commanders of the campaign

Maryland campaign

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The Maryland campaign (or Antietam campaign) occurred September 4–20, 1862, during the American Civil War.

Northern Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania (1861-1865)

Confederate troops marching south on N Market Street, Frederick, Maryland, during the Civil War

Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), September 17, 1862

Maryland campaign, actions September 3–15, 1862
Confederate
Union

Lee then conducted the northern Virginia campaign in which he outmaneuvered and defeated Maj. Gen. John Pope and his Army of Virginia, most significantly at the Second Battle of Bull Run (Second Manassas).

The First Corps, under Maj. Gen. James Longstreet, consisted of the divisions of Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws, Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson, Brig. Gen. David R. Jones, Brig. Gen. John G. Walker, Brig. Gen. John Bell Hood, and an independent brigade under Brig. Gen. Nathan G. "Shanks" Evans.

Army of Northern Virginia

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The primary military force of the Confederate States of America in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War.

General Robert E. Lee, commander of the Army of Northern Virginia

Battleflag made out of silk from November 1861

Organization of the Army of Northern Virginia at the time of the Battle of Fredericksburg (December 1862)

Organization of the Army of Northern Virginia at the time of the Battle of the Wilderness (May 5–7, 1864)

Montage of Robert E. Lee and his staff.<ref>starting at left center going up-left to right: 1) Lt.Col. W.H. Taylor; 2) Lt.Col. R.G. Cole; 3) Lt.Col. C.S. Venable; 4)Brig Gen W.H. Stevens; 5) Lt.Col. Charles Marshall; 6) Lt.Col. J.L. Conley; 7) Lt.Col. B.G. Baldwin; 8) Surgeon Lafayette Guild; 9) Maj H. Young; 10) Brig Gen W.H. Pendelton; 11) Lt.Col. W. E. Peyton; 12) Major Giles B. Coke.</ref>

At Seven Pines, Longstreet and Smith served as temporary wing commanders, and operational control of their divisions went to Brig. Gen William H.C. Whiting and Brig. Gen Richard H. Anderson.

The Army's losses before and following the Battle of Second Manassas needed to be replaced before the Maryland Campaign could commence.

Battle of Gettysburg

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Fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War.

This 1863 oval-shaped map depicts the Gettysburg Battlefield during July 1–3, 1863, showing troop and artillery positions and movements, relief hachures, drainage, roads, railroads, and houses with the names of residents at the time of the Battle of Gettysburg.

This November 1862 Harper's Magazine illustration shows Confiderate Army troops escorting captured African American civilians south into slavery. En route to Gettysburg, the Army of Northern Virginia kidnapped approximately 40 black civilians and sent them south into slavery.

Overview map of the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg

Marker commemorating the first shot fired at the Battle of Gettysburg at 7:30 am on July 1, 1863 by Lt. Marcellus Jones

Robert E. Lee's plan for July 2, 1863, the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg

Overview map of the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 2, 1863

Union Army breastworks on Culp's Hill, 1863

Overview map of the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863

The high water mark on Cemetery Ridge with the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry Monument commemorating the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment at right and the Copse of Trees to the left, August 2005

"The Harvest of Death": Union dead on the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, photographed July 5 or July 6, 1863, by Timothy H. O'Sullivan

John L. Burns, veteran of the War of 1812, civilian who fought at the Battle of Gettysburg with Union troops, standing with bayoneted musket. Mathew Brady's National Photographic Portrait Galleries, photographer. From the Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress

Gettysburg Campaign (July 5 – July 14, 1863)

On November 19, 1863, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address, considered one of the best-known speeches in American history. A crowd of citizens and soldiers surround Lincoln (with a red arrow pointing to his location in photo)

The 1936 Battle of Gettysburg half dollar

Gettysburg Centennial Commemorative issue of 1963

Gettysburg Campaign (through July 3) with cavalry movements shown with dashed lines Confederate
Union

Third Corps, commanded by Lt. Gen. A. P. Hill, with divisions commanded by Maj. Gens. Richard H. Anderson, Henry Heth, and W. Dorsey Pender.

Prior to Gettysburg, Robert E. Lee had established a reputation as an almost invincible general, achieving stunning victories against superior numbers—although usually at the cost of high casualties to his army—during the Seven Days, the Northern Virginia Campaign (including the Second Battle of Bull Run), Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville.

Cadmus M. Wilcox

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Career United States Army officer who served in the Mexican–American War and also was a Confederate general during the American Civil War.

He led it to Second Bull Run, but was held in reserve and saw no serious action.

In the Maryland Campaign, Wilcox was returned to brigade command and his division merged with Richard H. Anderson's. He fell ill and spent the Battle of Antietam resting in Martinsburg, Virginia, leaving Colonel Alfred Cumming to command his brigade during that battle.

Roger Atkinson Pryor

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Virginian newspaper editor and politician who became known for his fiery oratory in favor of secession; he was elected both to national and Confederate office, and served as a general for the Confederate Army during the American Civil War.

Pryor looking at a portrait of Abraham Lincoln.

His brigade fought in the Peninsula Campaign and at Second Manassas, where it became detached in the swirling fighting and temporarily operated under Stonewall Jackson.

At Antietam on September 17, 1862, he assumed command of Anderson's Division in Longstreet's Corps when Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson was wounded.

William Mahone

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American civil engineer, railroad executive, Confederate States Army general, and Virginia politician.

Share of the Atlantic, Mississippi & Ohio RR from 1871, signed by William Mahone as president

Mahone mausoleum at Blandford Cemetery, identified by its "M" insignia

After the defense of Richmond, Mahone's brigade was assigned from Huger's division, to the division of Richard H. Anderson and fought at the subsequent battle of Second Bull Run, where Mahone was shot in the chest while leading his brigade in a charge across Chinn Ridge.

A report on Second Battle of Bull Run and Richard H. Anderson (general)

8 related topics with Alpha

Battle of Antietam

A. P. Hill

Maryland campaign

Army of Northern Virginia

Battle of Gettysburg

Cadmus M. Wilcox

Roger Atkinson Pryor

William Mahone