Richard Nixon

Nixon (second from right) makes his newspaper debut in 1916, contributing five cents to a fund for war orphans. His brother Donald is to his right.

Nixon's family: Julie and David Eisenhower, President Nixon, First Lady Pat Nixon, Tricia and Edward Cox (December 24, 1971)

Lieutenant Commander Richard Nixon, United States Navy (circa 1945)

Nixon campaigns in Sausalito, California, 1950

Front cover of literature for the Eisenhower–Nixon campaign, 1952

Nikita Khrushchev and Nixon speak as the press looks on at the Kitchen Debate, July 24, 1959

John F. Kennedy and Nixon before their first televised 1960 debate

Nixon and Lyndon Johnson leave the White House for the Kennedy–Johnson inauguration

Nixon shows his papers to an East German officer to cross between the sectors of the divided City of Berlin, 1963

Nixon and Johnson meet at the White House before Nixon's nomination, July 1968

1968 electoral vote results; the popular vote between Nixon and Humphrey was less than one percentage point apart

Nixon is sworn in as the 37th President by Chief Justice Earl Warren. The new First Lady, Pat, holds the family Bible.

Nixon delivers an address to the nation about the incursion in Cambodia

Nixon visits American troops in South Vietnam, July 30, 1969

Nixon with Mexican president Gustavo Díaz Ordaz (to his right); motorcade in San Diego, California, September 1970

Nixon with Brezhnev during the Soviet leader's trip to the U.S., 1973

Nixon with President Anwar Sadat of Egypt, June 1974

Nixon at the Washington Senators' 1969 Opening Day with team owner Bob Short (arms folded) and Baseball Commissioner Bowie Kuhn (hand on mouth). Nixon's aide, Major Jack Brennan, sits behind them in uniform.

Nixon gives 1971 State of the Union Address

Official Nixon portrait by James Anthony Wills, c. 1984

Graph of increases in U.S. incarceration rate

Nixon visiting the Apollo 11 astronauts in quarantine aboard the aircraft carrier USS Hornet

Nixon takes questions at 1973 press conference

Demonstrator demands impeachment, October 1973

Nixon announces the release of edited transcripts of the Watergate tapes, April 29, 1974

Nixon's farewell speech to the White House staff, August 9, 1974

President Ford announcing his decision to pardon Nixon, September 8, 1974, in the Oval Office

President Jimmy Carter and ex-Presidents Gerald Ford and Nixon meet at the White House before former Vice President Hubert Humphrey's funeral, 1978

Nixon speaking with Chinese Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping and U.S. President Jimmy Carter at the White House, 1979

President Ronald Reagan meets with his three immediate predecessors, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter and Nixon at the White House, October 1981; the three former presidents would represent the United States at the funeral of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat.

Nixon with President Bill Clinton in the residence of the White House, March 1993

Five U.S. presidents (including then-incumbent President Bill Clinton) and their wives attending the funeral of Richard Nixon, April 27, 1994

The graves of President Richard Nixon and First Lady Pat Nixon

Richard Nixon's Presidential Library and Museum located in Yorba Linda, California

With Elvis Presley in December 1970: "The President & The King"

Presidents Gerald Ford, Nixon, George H.W. Bush, Ronald Reagan, and Jimmy Carter in 1991

Campaign button ironically emphasizing the personality and public image assessments discussed in this section

Nixon with Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir, June 1974.

The 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974.

- Richard Nixon

500 related topics

Pat Nixon

Pat Nixon greets young White House visitors, 1969

The First Lady with Queen Elizabeth II, 1970

Nixon with Canadian First Lady Margaret Trudeau holding a baby Justin Trudeau, April 1972

Pat Nixon greets well-wishers on a trip to Hawaii, 1972

Pat addresses the 1972 Republican National Convention. She was the first First Lady since Eleanor Roosevelt to address a party convention, and the first Republican First Lady to do so.

Pat Nixon with White House curator Clement Conger, whom she hired, in the Red Room after her redecorations, 1971

Escorted by armed guards, Pat Nixon (far right) arrives via helicopter on the ground in South Vietnam, July 31, 1969. It was the first time a first lady had entered a combat zone.

The Nixons walked on the Great Wall of China during their historic trip in February 1972

Pat Nixon posing in the White House, 1970

The Fords escort the Nixons as they depart the White House on Nixon's final day as president, August 9, 1974.

Pat Nixon viewing pandas in a Chinese zoo in 1972.

Pat Nixon was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun in 1971 by the government of Peru, becoming the first Western woman to earn the distinction.

Pat Nixon's official White House portrait, painted in 1978 by Henriette Wyeth Hurd

Nixon (seated second from left) attends the opening of the Ronald Reagan Library, November 1991

Pat Nixon reaches out from her limousine to a young girl during an October 1972 campaign stop in Atlanta.

Thelma Catherine "Pat" Ryan Nixon (March 16, 1912 – June 22, 1993) was First Lady of the United States from 1969 to 1974 as the wife of President Richard Nixon.

1960 United States presidential election

The 44th quadrennial presidential election.

Dwight D. Eisenhower, the incumbent president in 1960, whose term expired on January 20, 1961

Kennedy campaigning in LaGrange, Georgia, October 1960

Senator John F. Kennedy (left) and vice president Richard Nixon (right), prior to their first presidential debate.

Second of the four Kennedy and Nixon debates, which took place at WRC-TV in Washington, D. C., on October 7, 1960

Kennedy cast his ballot at his polling place at a branch of the Boston Public Library.

Senator Harry F. Byrd, Sr., received 15 electoral votes

Senator John F. Kennedy from Massachusetts

Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson from Texas

Former Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois

Former Senator George H. Bender from Ohio

State Senator James M. Lloyd from South Dakota

Governor Cecil H. Underwood of West Virginia

Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote

Democratic presidential election results by county

Republican presidential election results by county

Unpledged electors presidential election results by county

"Other" presidential election results by county

Cartogram of presidential election results by county

Cartogram of Democratic presidential election results by county

Cartogram of Republican presidential election results by county

Cartogram of unpledged electors presidential election results by county

Cartogram of "Other" presidential election results by county

In a closely contested election, Democratic United States Senator John F. Kennedy defeated the incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, the Republican Party nominee.

1968 United States presidential election

The 46th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 5, 1968.

Vice President Hubert Humphrey, President Lyndon B. Johnson, and General Creighton Abrams in a Cabinet Room meeting in March 1968

American Independent presidential election results by county

Cartogram of American Independent presidential election results by county

The Republican nominee, former vice president Richard Nixon, defeated the Democratic nominee, incumbent vice president Hubert Humphrey, and the American Independent Party nominee, former Alabama governor George Wallace.

1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China

Nixon shakes hands with Chinese leader Mao Zedong

Richard and Pat Nixon with Chinese delegates at the Great Wall

Richard Nixon and Zhou Enlai speaking at a banquet at the Great Hall of the People

The 1972 visit by United States President Richard Nixon to the People's Republic of China (PRC) was an important strategic and diplomatic overture that marked the culmination of the Nixon administration's resumption of harmonious relations between the United States and mainland China after years of diplomatic isolation.

1952 United States presidential election

The 42nd quadrennial presidential election and was held on Tuesday, November 4, 1952.

Kefauver won all but three primaries but failed to win the nomination.

Adlai Stevenson warns against a return of the Republican policies of President Herbert Hoover.

Eisenhower presidential campaign in Baltimore, Maryland, September 1952

Results by county explicitly indicating the percentage for the winning candidate. Shades of red are for Eisenhower (Republican), and shades of blue are for Stevenson (Democratic).

Results by congressional district. Shades of red are for Eisenhower (Republican), and shades of blue are for Stevenson (Democratic).

<center>Senator Robert A. Taft from Ohio</center>

<center>Former Governor Harold Stassen of Minnesota</center>

<center>Governor Earl Warren of California</center>

General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, from New York

Senator Richard Russell, Jr. from Georgia

With the support of Thomas E. Dewey and other party leaders, Eisenhower narrowly prevailed over Taft at the 1952 Republican National Convention with Richard Nixon, a young senator from California, as his running mate.

Hubert Humphrey

American pharmacist and politician who served as the 38th vice president of the United States from 1965 to 1969.

Humphrey working as a pharmacist in his father's pharmacy.

Humphrey at the 1948 Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia.

In the 1960 primaries, Humphrey won South Dakota and Washington, D.C.

Vice President-elect Humphrey alongside Coretta Scott King and Civil Rights Leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Humphrey (right) with President Johnson (left) horse-riding in LBJ ranch on November 4, 1964.

Vice President Humphrey at a meeting in the Oval Office, June 21, 1965

Humphrey with Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin and Gemini 4 astronauts at the 1965 Paris Air Show

Vice President Hubert Humphrey, President Lyndon Johnson, and General Creighton Abrams in a Cabinet Room meeting in March 1968

Hubert Humphrey campaigning for President in 1968

Senator Hubert Humphrey with Democratic presidential nominee Jimmy Carter, in 1976. California Governor Jerry Brown is at right.

Senator Hubert Humphrey with President Jimmy Carter aboard Air Force One in 1977

Burial plot of Hubert and Muriel Humphrey at Lakewood Cemetery in Minneapolis

An intensely divided Democratic Party nominated him in the 1968 presidential election, which he lost to Republican nominee Richard Nixon.

Controlled Substances Act

Statute establishing federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, use, and distribution of certain substances is regulated.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration agents inspect packages for illegal drug shipments at an international mail facility in New York

It was passed by the 91st United States Congress as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 and signed into law by President Richard Nixon.

1972 United States presidential election

The 47th quadrennial presidential election.

Richard Nixon during an August 1972 campaign stop

George McGovern speaking at an October 1972 campaign rally

John Hospers received one faithless electoral vote from Virginia.

Incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon from California defeated Democratic U.S. Senator George McGovern of South Dakota.

War on drugs

Global campaign, led by the U.S. federal government, of drug prohibition, military aid, and military intervention, with the aim of reducing the illegal drug trade in the United States.

Colin Powell, then the US Secretary of State, visiting Colombia in the early 2000s as part of the United States' support of Plan Colombia

Mexican troops during a gun battle in Michoacán, 2007. Mexico's drug war claims nearly 50,000 lives each year.

California Attorney General Kamala Harris visiting the U.S.–Mexico border on March 24, 2011, to discuss strategies to combat drug cartels

Operation Mallorca, U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, 2005

Graph demonstrating increases in United States incarceration rate

D.C. Mayor Marion Barry captured on a surveillance camera smoking crack cocaine during a sting operation by the FBI and D.C. Police

Total incarceration in the United States by year

The U.S. military invasion of Panama in 1989

Mexico is scheduled to receive US$1.6 billion in equipment and strategic support from the United States through the Mérida Initiative.

An American domestic government propaganda poster c. undefined 2000 concerning cannabis in the United States

Approximately 1 million people are incarcerated every year in the United States for drug law violations.

USS Rentz (FFG-46) attempts to put out a fire set by drug smugglers trying to escape and destroy evidence.

US yearly overdose deaths, and the drugs involved. There were 70,630 drug overdose deaths overall in 2019 in the USA.

The term was popularized by the media shortly after a press conference given on June 18, 1971, by President Richard Nixon—the day after publication of a special message from President Nixon to the Congress on Drug Abuse Prevention and Control—during which he declared drug abuse "public enemy number one".