Rishabhanatha and Related Topics

The hand symbolizes Ahiṃsā, the wheel dharmachakra, the resolve to halt saṃsāra (transmigration).

Jainism

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Ancient Indian religion.

Classification of Saṃsāri Jīvas (transmigrating souls) in Jainism

Lord Neminatha, Akota Bronzes (7th century)

Jain miniature painting of 24 tirthankaras, Jaipur, c. 1850

Jain temple painting explaining Anekantavada with Blind men and an elephant

A Jain monk in meditation, wearing the characteristic white robe and face covering

Nishidhi stone, depicting the vow of sallekhana, 14th century, Karnataka

Praying at the feet of a statue of Bahubali

Jain worship may include ritual offerings and recitals.

Celebrating Das Lakshana (Paryushana), Jain Center of America, New York City

The birth of Mahavira, from the Kalpa Sūtra (c.1375–1400 CE)

A symbol to represent the Jain community was chosen in 1975 as part of the commemoration of the 2,500th anniversary of Mahavira’s nirvana.

Rishabhdev, believed to have lived over 592.704×1018 years ago, is considered the traditional founder of Jainism.

The ruins of Gori Jain temples in Nagarparkar, Pakistan, a pilgrimage site before 1947.

Saavira Kambada Basadi, Moodbidri, Karnataka

Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four Tirthankaras (supreme preachers of Dharma), with the first in the current time cycle being Rishabhadeva, whom the tradition holds to have lived millions of years ago; the twenty-third tirthankara Parshvanatha, whom historians date to 9th century BCE; and the twenty-fourth tirthankara, Mahavira around 600 BCE.

Medieval era Indian art depicting King Ikshvaku (Lord Rishabhdeva) imparting the skill of pottery to his people.

Solar dynasty

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Founded by the legendary king Ikshvaku.

The first Tirthankar of Jainism, Rishabhdeva himself was King Ikshvaku.

Statue of Bharata as a monk at Chandragiri Hill, Shravanabelagola

Bharata chakravartin

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The first chakravartin of avasarpini (present half time cycle as per Jain cosmology).

He was the eldest son of Rishabhanatha, the first tirthankara.

Parshvanatha

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The 23rd of 24 Tirthankaras of Jainism.

Parshvanatha was born in Varanasi, a historic city on the Ganges.

Parshvanatha and his yaksha, Dharanendra, in the 8th-century Tamil Nadu Kalugumalai Jain Beds

8th-century stone relief of Parshvanatha at Thirakoil

Parshvanatha with Padmavati and Dharnendra in a 16th-century manuscript

Parshvanatha iconography is identified by a sesha hood above his head and a cobra stamped (or carved) beneath his feet. At the center of his chest is a shrivatsa, which identifies Jain statues.

Parsvanatha ayagapata - Jina Parsvanatha, Mathura art, {{circa|15 CE}}.{{sfn|Quintanilla|2007|p=201}}{{sfn|Quintanilla|2007|p=406}}

alt=Stone relief|Uttar Pradesh, 2nd century (Museum of Oriental Art)

Parshvanath relief of Kahaum pillar, 5th century

alt=Lotus position|5th century (Satna, Madhya Pradesh)

alt=Lotus position|6th century, Uttar Pradesh

alt=Lotus position|7th-century Akota Bronze (Honolulu Museum of Art)

6th-7th century bronze statue in Asian Civilisations Museum

alt=Lotus position|10th-century copper, inlaid with silver and gemstones (LACMA)

alt=Lotus position|11th century, Maharaja Chhatrasal Museum

alt=Lotus position|Karnataka, 12th century (Art Institute of Chicago)

{{convert|61|ft}} colossal at Navagraha Jain Temple

alt=Outdoor standing statue|Vahelna statue

alt=Standing statue in niche|Parshvanatha basadi, Shravanabelgola

alt=Standing statue|Parshvanatha temple in Halebidu

Parshvanatha temple, Khajuraho, UNESCO World Heritage Site

Pattadakal Jain Temple, UNESCO World Heritage Site

Parshavanth temple, Jaisalmer Fort, UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of Hill Forts of Rajasthan

Parshvanatha basadi at Halebidu: tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage Site

alt=Godiji Parshwanath (Gori) Temple at Tharparkar - tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage|Godiji (Gori) Temple in Tharparkar - tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage

The earliest layer of Jain literature on cosmology and universal history pivots around two jinas: the Adinatha (Rishabhanatha) and Mahavira.

Tirthankara

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Saviour and spiritual teacher of the dharma (righteous path).

Tirthankara images at Siddhachal Caves inside Gwalior Fort.

Auspicious dreams seen by a tirthankara's mother during pregnancy

Samavasarana of Tirthankara Rishabha (Ajmer Jain temple)

Tirthankars of present, previous and next cosmic ages (72 in total)

Jain chaumukha sculpture at LACMA, 6th century

The first tirthankara in this present time cycle (Hunda Avsarpini) was Rishabhanatha, who is credited for formulating and organising humans to live in a society harmoniously.

Mahavira

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The 24th Tirthankara (supreme preacher) of Jainism.

Mahavira in Padmasana meditation posture

Ancient kingdoms and cities of India at the time of Mahavira

Lord Mahavira's Jal Mandir (water temple) in Pawapuri, Bihar, India

The "Charan Paduka" or foot impression of Mahavira at Jal Mandir

Folio from the Kalpa Sūtra, 15th century

Mahavira iconography is distinguished by a lion stamped (or carved) beneath his feet; a Shrivatsa is on his chest.

alt=See caption|Rock-cut sculpture of Mahavira in Samanar Hills, Madurai, Tamil Nadu

Rock-cut sculpture of Mahavira in Kalugumalai Jain Beds, 8th century

alt=See caption|Tallest known image of the seated Mahavira, Patnaganj

alt=See caption|Four-sided sculpture of Mahavira in Kankali Tila, Mathura

alt=Two nude statues|Tirthankaras Rishabhanatha (left) and Mahavira, 11th century (British Museum)

alt=Mahavira, seated|Temple relief of Mahavira, 14th century (Seattle Asian Art Museum)

alt=See caption|Relief of Mahavira in Thirakoil, Tamil Nadu

16-foot, 2-inch stone statue of Mahavira in Ahinsa Sthal, Mehrauli, New Delhi{{sfn|Titze|1998|p=266}}|alt=Large outdoor statue of Mahavira, with a seated worshipper for scale

alt=See caption|Mahavira statue in Cave 32 of the Ellora Caves

Mahavira inside Ambapuram cave temple, 7th century

alt=Dharmachakra temple|Dharmachakra temple in Gajpanth

Mahavir Swami at Manilaxmi Tirth, Gujarat

The Ikshvaku Dynasty was founded by the First Tirthankara Rishabhanatha.

Neminatha

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Twenty-second tirthankara in Jainism.

Depiction of wedding procession of Neminatha. His legend states that he renounced after hearing animal cries while they were being sacrificed to prepare his wedding feast.

Neminatha temple complex on Girnar hills near Junagadh, Gujarat.

Kalpa Sūtra recto Neminatha's blowing Krishna's conch verso text

The largest statue of Neminath with height of 16 meters at Tirumalai built in 12th century

Neminath Sculpture, National Museum, New Delhi, 11th Century

Image at Maharaja Chhatrasal Museum, 12th century

Neminath idol, Government Museum, Mathura, 12th Century

Depiction of Neminatha on Naag as bed, chakra on foot finger and conch played by nose at Parshvanath temple, Tijara

Along with Mahavira, Parshvanatha and Rishabhanatha, Neminatha is one of the twenty four tirthankaras who attract the most devotional worship among the Jains.

The 65 ft high Gommateshwara statue at Shravanabelagola, Karnataka, India, was built in 983 A.D.

Bahubali

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Sculpture depicting Bahubali's meditation in Kayotsarga posture with vines enveloped around his body (Photo: Badami caves)

Bahubali monolith of Gommatagiri, Mysore

28 ft-high monolith of Bahubali at Kumbhoj

Bahubali, Metropolitan Museum of Art (6th CE)

Miniature version of the Gommateshwara statue at Shravanabelagola

Bahubali statue at YSR state Archaeology Museum, Hyderabad, 12th century

{{convert|31|ft|m|adj=on|abbr=out}} statue of Bahubali at Bada Gaon

Gomateshwara at Kalugumalai Jain Beds, 8th century

Bahubali at Andimalai Caves, 10th century

Bahubali (One With Strong Arms), a much revered figure among Jains, was the son of Rishabdev (the first tirthankara of Jainism) and the brother of Bharata Chakravartin.

Ayodhya

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City situated on the banks of holy river Saryu in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

Gold carving depiction of the legendary Ayodhya at the Ajmer Jain temple

The Dhanadeva-Ayodhya inscription, first-century BC

Coin of ruler Muladeva, of the Deva dynasty minted in Ayodhya, Kosala. Obv: Muladevasa, elephant to left facing symbol. Rev: Wreath, above symbol, below snake.

Ayodhya in 1785 as seen from river Ghaghara; painting by William Hodges. It depicts the Svargadvar Ghat. A mosque of Aurangzeb period in the background.

United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, showing 'Ajodhia', 1903 map

Deepawali being celebrated at Ram ki Paidi ghat on the banks of Sarayu river in Ayodhya

Sign board of Ayodhya Junction railway station

Kanak Bhavan Temple dedicated to Rama and his consort Sita is in the centre of Ayodhya.

Ayodhya Ghaat on the bank Ghaghara river

Ghaghra river, locally known as Saryu, at Faizabad

Hanuman Garhi temple. A young priest is operating the Darshan system.

The Jain texts also describe it as the birthplace of five tirthankaras namely, Rishabhanatha, Ajitanatha, Abhinandananatha, Sumatinath and Anantnath, and associate it with the legendary Bharata Chakravarti.

Ādi purāṇa

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9th century Sanskrit poem composed by Jinasena, a Digambara monk.

It deals with the life of Rishabhanatha, the first Tirthankara.

A report on Rishabhanatha

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