A report on Tanzania and Rwanda

A reconstruction of the ancient King's Palace at Nyanza
A 1.8-million-year-old stone chopping tool discovered at Olduvai Gorge and on display at the British Museum.
Juvénal Habyarimana, president from 1973 to 1994
A 1572 depiction of the portuguese city of Kilwa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Human skulls at the Nyamata Genocide Memorial
Rwandan President Paul Kagame
Battle during the Maji Maji Rebellion against German colonial rule in 1905.
Chamber of Deputies building
The Arusha Declaration Monument
Provinces of Rwanda
Wildebeest migration in the Serengeti
The Kagera and Ruvubu rivers, part of the upper Nile
Tanzania map of Köppen climate classification
Lake and volcano in the Virunga Mountains
The Masai giraffe is Tanzania's national animal
Volcanoes National Park is the home of the largest population of Mountain Gorillas in the world.
The semi-autonomous Zanzibar Archipelago
Giraffe in Akagera National Park
Regions of Tanzania
Estimated development of real GDP per capita in Rwanda, since 1950
Tanzanian ambassador to Russia Jaka Mwambi presenting his credentials to the Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
Coffee beans drying in Maraba. Coffee is one of Rwanda's major cash crops.
Tanzanian Embassy in West End, Washington, D.C., USA
Mountain gorillas in Volcanoes National Park
FIB Tanzanian special forces during training
Rural water pump
A proportional representation of Tanzania exports, 2019
Rural children
Historical development of real GDP per capita in Tanzania, since 1950
Children in a Rwandan primary school, using laptops supplied by the One Laptop Per Child program
Tea fields in Tukuyu
Butaro Hospital at Burera, Northern Province
Nyerere Bridge in Kigamboni, Dar es Salaam
Historical development of life expectancy in Rwanda
The snowcapped Uhuru Peak
Roman Catholic church in Rwamagana
One of the main trunk roads
Traditional Rwandan intore dancers
Zanzibar harbour
Rwandan woven agaseke basket
Domestic expenditure on research in Southern Africa as a percentage of GDP, 2012 or closest year. Source: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (2015), Figure 20.3
Adrien Niyonshuti, "one of the most famous people in Rwanda", competing in the cross-country mountain biking event at the 2012 Summer Olympics
A Tanzanian woman cooks Pilau rice dish wearing traditional Kanga.
Topography of Rwanda
Farmers using a rice harvester to harvest rice in Igunga District, Tanzania
Graphical depiction of Rwanda's product exports.
Example of a World Food Programme parcel
Rwanda produced 2.6 million tons of banana in 2019, its largest cash crop.
Researchers (HC) in Southern Africa per million inhabitants, 2013 or closest year
Rwanda electricity production by source
Scientific publications per million inhabitants in SADC countries in 2014. Source: UNESCO Science Report (2015), data from Thomson Reuters' Web of Science, Science Citation Index Expanded
A plate of ugali and cabbage.
The Hadza live as hunter-gatherers.
A carved door with Arabic calligraphy in Zanzibar
Nkrumah Hall at the University of Dar es Salaam
Development of life expectancy
Tanzanian woman harvest tea leaves
Judith Wambura (Lady Jaydee) is a popular Bongo Flava recording singer.
A Tingatinga painting
National Stadium in Dar es Salaam.
St Joseph's Catholic cathedral, Zanzibar
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in Arusha
East African Legislative Assembly in Arusha
Tanzanian Ngoma group

It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to the south; Zambia to the southwest; and Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west.

- Tanzania

Located a few degrees south of the Equator, Rwanda is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

- Rwanda

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Overall

Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Country in Central Africa.

Country in Central Africa.

View of Leopoldville Station and Port in 1884
1908 photograph of a married Christian couple.
Force Publique soldiers in the Belgian Congo in 1918. At its peak, the Force Publique had around 19,000 Congolese soldiers, led by 420 Belgian officers.
The leader of ABAKO, Joseph Kasa-Vubu, first democratically elected President of Congo-Léopoldville
Patrice Lumumba, first democratically elected Prime Minister of the Congo-Léopoldville, was murdered by Belgian-supported Katangan separatists in 1961
Mobutu Sese Seko and Richard Nixon in Washington, D.C., 1973.
Mobutu with the Dutch Prince Bernhard in Kinshasa in 1973
Belligerents of the Second Congo War
Refugees in the Congo
People fleeing their villages due to fighting between FARDC and rebel groups, North Kivu, 2012
Government troops near Goma during the M23 rebellion in May 2013
DR Congo's President Félix Tshisekedi with neighbouring Congolese President Denis Sassou Nguesso in 2020; both wear face masks due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
The map of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo map of Köppen climate classification
Ituri Rainforest
Mount Nyiragongo, which last erupted in 2021.
Salonga National Park.
Masisi Territory
Lake Kivu in North Kivu province
Bas-Congo landscape
An Okapi
A male western gorilla
Hippopotami
Joseph Kabila was President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from January 2001 to January 2019.
President Joseph Kabila with U.S. President Barack Obama in August 2014
FARDC soldiers on patrol in Ituri province
A group of demobilized child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
A proportional representation of Democratic Republic of the Congo exports, 2019
Change in per capita GDP of Congo, 1950–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars.
Rough diamonds ≈1 to 1.5 mm in size from DR Congo.
DR Congo's Human Development Index scores, 1970–2010.
Collecting firewood in Basankusu.
Train from Lubumbashi arriving in Kindu on a newly refurbished line.
Map of rail network
Major Bantu languages in the Congo
Kongo youth and adults in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Amani festival in Goma
Family in Rutshuru, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
The population pyramid of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Our Lady of Peace Cathedral in Bukavu
A classroom in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Development of life expectancy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Population fleeing their villages due to fighting between FARDC and rebels groups, Sake North Kivu 30 April 2012
A Hemba male statue
Stade des Martyrs in Kinshasa.
The Sts. Peter and Paul Cathedral, Lubumbashi

The DRC is located in sub-Saharan Africa, bordered to the northwest by the Republic of the Congo, to the north by the Central African Republic, to the northeast by South Sudan, to the east by Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi, and by Tanzania (across Lake Tanganyika), to the south and southeast by Zambia, to the southwest by Angola, and to the west by the South Atlantic Ocean and the Cabinda exclave of Angola.

Burundi

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Landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley where the African Great Lakes region and East Africa converge.

Landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley where the African Great Lakes region and East Africa converge.

Flag of the Kingdom of Burundi (1962–1966).
Independence Square and monument in Bujumbura.
Belligerents of the Second Congo War. Burundi backed the rebels.
View of the capital city Bujumbura in 2006.
Pierre Nkurunziza, President of Burundi in 2005–2020.
Embassy of Burundi in Brussels
Map of Burundi.
Hippos at Kibira National Park in the Northwest of Burundi
A proportional representation of Burundi exports, 2019
Historical development of GDP per capita
Graphical depiction of Burundi's product exports in 28 colour-coded categories in 2009.
Fishermen on Lake Tanganyika.
Bujumbura International Airport terminal in Bujumbura
Bicycles are a popular means of transport in Burundi
Men in colourful dresses and drums
Children in Bujumbura, Burundi
Drums from Gitega.
Football in Burundi.
Carolus Magnus School in Burundi. The school benefits from the campaign "Your Day for Africa" by Aktion Tagwerk.

It is bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and southeast, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west; Lake Tanganyika lies along its southwestern border.

Uganda

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Landlocked country in East Africa.

Landlocked country in East Africa.

A caesarean section performed by indigenous healers in Kahura, in the Empire of Kitara (present-day Uganda) as observed by medical missionary Robert William Felkin in 1879. This incident was recorded long before the arrival of the European missionary doctors and clinics. The kingdom performed a highly developed surgical procedure, the first-ever cesarean section technique that saved both the mother and child.
Flag of the Uganda Protectorate
Construction of the Owen Falls Dam in Jinja.
The Uganda printers building on Kampala Road, Kampala, Uganda
Grey Crowned Crane - a symbol of Uganda.
Belligerents of the Second Congo War. On 19 December 2005, the International Court of Justice found against Uganda, in a case brought by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, for illegal invasion of its territory, and violation of human rights.
Uganda map of Köppen climate classification.
U.S. President George W. Bush met with President Yoweri Museveni in Entebbe, Uganda, 11 July 2003.
Protests in New York City against Uganda's Anti-Homosexuality Bill.
Graphical depiction of Uganda's product exports in 28 color-coded categories.
Change in per capita GDP of Uganda, 1950–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars.
Coffee fields in southwestern Uganda
Workers at a textile factory in Jinja
Entebbe International Airport
Road to Murchison
Mobile operators offer money sending, receiving services, bill payments among many more services.
Students in Uganda
Development of life expectancy
Rwenzori mountains in Uganda
An ethnolinguistic map of Uganda
Cultural celebrations in Northern Uganda
Woman in Rwenzori – Western Uganda
Mandela National Stadium in Kira Town.
Side view of Victoria Nile
Saint Mary's Cathedral Rubaga, is the parent cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kampala.

The country is bordered to the East by Kenya, to the North by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the south by Tanzania.

Satellite view of the African Great Lakes region and its coastline.

African Great Lakes

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The African Great Lakes (Maziwa Makuu, Ibiyaga bigari) are a series of lakes constituting the part of the Rift Valley lakes in and around the East African Rift.

The African Great Lakes (Maziwa Makuu, Ibiyaga bigari) are a series of lakes constituting the part of the Rift Valley lakes in and around the East African Rift.

Satellite view of the African Great Lakes region and its coastline.
The African Great Lakes system, in blue.
Map of larger region including the East African Rift and the entire so-called Great Rift Valley

Riparian countries in the African Great Lakes region include: Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Zambia, Tanzania, and Uganda.

Swahili in Arabic script—memorial plate at the Askari Monument, Dar es Salaam (1927)

Swahili language

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Native language of the Waswahili who are found along the East African coast and litoral islands .

Native language of the Waswahili who are found along the East African coast and litoral islands .

Swahili in Arabic script—memorial plate at the Askari Monument, Dar es Salaam (1927)
Although originally written with the Arabic script, Swahili is now written in a Latin alphabet introduced by Christian missionaries and colonial administrators. The text shown here is the Catholic version of the Lord's Prayer.
Swahili in Arabic script on the clothes of a girl in German East Africa (ca. early 1900s)
Loxodonta africana elephants frolic in Amboseli National Park, Kenya, 2012.

Due to concerted efforts by the government of Tanzania, Swahili is one of three official languages (the others being English and French) of the East African Community (EAC) countries, namely Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.

East African Community

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From left to right: President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda, President Mwai Kibaki of Kenya, and President Jakaya Kikwete of Tanzania during the eighth EAC summit in Arusha, November 2006.
EAC heads in 2009. From left to right: Yoweri Museveni (Uganda), Mwai Kibaki (Kenya), Paul Kagame (Rwanda), Jakaya Kikwete (Tanzania), Pierre Nkurunziza (Burundi).
Rwandan President Paul Kagame at the 2006 EAC summit. Rwanda joined the EAC on 1 July 2007.
Three EAC countries border Lake Victoria.
Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa's tallest peak, located in Tanzania.
Diani Beach, Kilifi County, Kenya.
{{flagicon|Burundi}} Burundi
{{flagicon|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} Democratic Republic of the Congo
{{flagicon|Kenya}} Kenya
{{flagicon|Rwanda}} Rwanda
{{flagicon|South Sudan}} South Sudan
{{flagicon|Tanzania}} Tanzania
{{flagicon|Uganda}} Uganda

The East African Community (EAC) is an intergovernmental organisation composed of seven countries in the Great Lakes region of East Africa: the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the United Republic of Tanzania, the Republics of Kenya, Burundi, Rwanda, South Sudan, and Uganda.

Landsat 7 imagery of Lake Victoria

Lake Victoria

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One of the African Great Lakes.

One of the African Great Lakes.

Landsat 7 imagery of Lake Victoria
Victoria Nyanza. The black line indicates Stanley's route.
Topographical map of Lake Victoria
Lake Victoria and the Great Rift Valley
Lake Victoria bathymetric model
Unlike many other Lake Victoria cichlids, Haplochromis nyererei remains common. Compared to several other cichlids, its eyes are particularly sensitive to light, especially red, which is less affected by the decrease in water clarity caused by eutrophication than short wavelength colors
Haplochromis thereuterion survives in low numbers. Initially feared extinct, when rediscovered it had changed habitat (from near surface to rocky outcrops) and feeding behavior (from surface insects to insect larvae)
Fishers and their boats on the shore of Lake Victoria
The Nile perch was introduced to Lake Victoria for fishing, and can reach up to 2 m and 200 kg.
A hyacinth-choked lakeshore at Ndere Island, Lake Victoria, Kenya.
Population density around Lake Victoria
Bismarck Rock
The lake as it is visible from the shores of the Speke Resort in Kampala, Uganda
The Nalubaale Hydroelectric Power Station in Njeru, Uganda.

The lake's area is divided among three countries: Kenya occupies 6% (4,100 km2), Uganda 45% (31,000 km2), and Tanzania 49% (33,700 km2).

However, the most distal source of the Nile Basin, and therefore the ultimate source of the Nile, is more often considered to be one of the tributary rivers of the Kagera River (the exact tributary remains undetermined), and which originates in either Rwanda or Burundi.

German East Africa

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Green: German East Africa Dark gray: Other German possessions Darkest gray: German Empire (1911 borders)
Askari soldiers under German command, 1896
Green: German East Africa Dark gray: Other German possessions Darkest gray: German Empire (1911 borders)
Fort Bagamoyo, c. 1891
1 rupee, German East Africa, 1902. Silver 917.
A World War I memorial in Iringa, Tanzania
The Portuguese were flanked by the Germans, while encamped at Ngomano on 25 November 1917.
Historical map of the German East African coast, 1888
Historical map of German East Africa, 1892
Historical map of German East Africa, 1911
Map of the East African Theater in World War I
Sisal plantation, {{circa|1906/18}}
Sisal factory, {{circa|1906/18}}
Askari company, {{circa|1914/18}}
Classroom in a German East African school, {{circa|March 1914}}
Usambara Railway, built in German East Africa
German colonial volunteer mounted patrol, 1914
Proposed flag
Proposed coat of arms

German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) (GEA) was a German colony in the African Great Lakes region, which included present-day Burundi, Rwanda, the Tanzania mainland, and the Kionga Triangle, a small region later incorporated into Mozambique.

Chimpanzee

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Species of great ape native to the forest and savannah of tropical Africa.

Species of great ape native to the forest and savannah of tropical Africa.

Relationships among apes. The branch lengths are a measure of evolutionary distinctness. Based on genome sequencing by The Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium. Figure from Yousaf et al. 2021, adapted from Prado-Martinez et al. 2013.
Two juvenile central chimpanzees, the subspecies Pan troglodytes troglodytes
Skeleton
Overnight nest in a tree
A mother with young eating Ficus fruit in Kibale National Park, Uganda
Chimpanzee named "Gregoire" on 9 December 2006, born in 1944 (Jane Goodall sanctuary of Tchimpounga, Republic of the Congo)
The chimpanzee louse Pediculus schaeffi is closely related to the human body louse P. humanus.
Group in Uganda
Mutual grooming, removing lice
Males in Mahale National Park, Tanzania
Infant and mother
Adult male eastern chimpanzee snatches a dead bushbuck antelope from a baboon in Gombe Stream National Park
Human and chimpanzee skull and brain. Diagram by Paul Gervais from Histoire naturelle des mammifères (1854)
Hugo Rheinhold's Affe mit Schädel ("Ape with skull"), c. 1893
Chimpanzee mask, Gio tribe, Liberia
Poster for the 1931 film Aping Hollywood. Media like this relied on the novelty of performing apes to carry their gags.
Ham, the first great ape in space, before being inserted into his Mercury-Redstone 2 capsule on 31 January 1961
Feeding station at Gombe, where Jane Goodall used to feed and observe the chimpanzees
Cameroonian chimpanzee at a rescue centre after its mother was killed by poachers

Eastern chimpanzee (P. troglodytes schweinfurthii), found in the Central African Republic, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, and Zambia, with approximately 180,000–256,000 individuals still existing in the wild.

Arusha Accords (Rwanda)

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The Arusha Accords, officially the Peace Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Rwanda and the Rwandan Patriotic Front, also known as the Arusha Peace Agreement or Arusha negotiations, were a set of five accords (or protocols) signed in Arusha, Tanzania on 4 August 1993, by the government of Rwanda and the rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), under mediation, to end a three-year Rwandan Civil War.