S (programming language)
SS programming languageS-LangS3/S4
S is a statistical programming language developed primarily by John Chambers and (in earlier versions) Rick Becker and Allan Wilks of Bell Laboratories.wikipedia
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Bell Labs
Bell LaboratoriesBell Telephone LaboratoriesAT&T Bell Laboratories
S is a statistical programming language developed primarily by John Chambers and (in earlier versions) Rick Becker and Allan Wilks of Bell Laboratories.
Researchers working at Bell Labs are credited with the development of radio astronomy, the transistor, the laser, the photovoltaic cell, the charge-coupled device (CCD), information theory, the Unix operating system, and the programming languages C, C++, and S.





John Chambers (statistician)
John ChambersJohn M. ChambersChambers
S is a statistical programming language developed primarily by John Chambers and (in earlier versions) Rick Becker and Allan Wilks of Bell Laboratories.
John McKinley Chambers is the creator of the S programming language, and core member of the R programming language project.
R (programming language)
RR programming languageCRAN
The modern implementation of S is R, a part of the GNU free software project.
R is an implementation of the S programming language combined with lexical scoping semantics, inspired by Scheme.


S-PLUS
S'-PLUSS-Plus EntertainmentSPlus
S-PLUS, a commercial product, was formerly sold by TIBCO Software.
S-PLUS is a commercial implementation of the S programming language sold by TIBCO Software Inc.
APL (programming language)
APLAPL programming languageA Programming Language

Polymorphic Programming Language
PPL
The assignment operator (or ) has influenced the language S.
Programming language
programming languageslanguagedialect
S is a statistical programming language developed primarily by John Chambers and (in earlier versions) Rick Becker and Allan Wilks of Bell Laboratories.



GNU
GNU operating systemGNU ProjectThe GNU Project
The modern implementation of S is R, a part of the GNU free software project.




TIBCO Software
TIBCOScribe Software TIBCO
S-PLUS, a commercial product, was formerly sold by TIBCO Software.



Fortran
Fortran 77Fortran 90FORTRAN IV
Up to that time, much of the statistical computing was done by directly calling Fortran subroutines; however, S was designed to offer an alternate and more interactive approach.





General Comprehensive Operating System
GECOSGCOSGeneral Electric Comprehensive Operating Supervisor
The first working version of S was built in 1976, and operated on the GCOS operating system.
SAS (software)
SASSAS SystemSAS Enterprise Miner
At this time, S was unnamed, and suggestions included Interactive SCS (ISCS), Statistical Computing System, and Statistical Analysis System (which was already taken: see SAS System).


C (programming language)
CC programming languageC language
The name 'S' (used with single quotation marks until 1979) was chosen, as it is the common letter used in statistical computing, and is consistent with other programming languages designed from the same institution at the time (namely the C programming language).


UNIX/32V
32/V32V
When UNIX/32V was ported to the (then new) 32-bit DEC VAX, computing on the Unix platform became feasible for S. In late 1979, S was ported from GCOS to UNIX, which would become the new primary platform.

Digital Equipment Corporation
DECDigitalDigital Equipment
When UNIX/32V was ported to the (then new) 32-bit DEC VAX, computing on the Unix platform became feasible for S. In late 1979, S was ported from GCOS to UNIX, which would become the new primary platform.

VAX
DEC VAXVAX 11/780DEC VAX ULTRIX
When UNIX/32V was ported to the (then new) 32-bit DEC VAX, computing on the Unix platform became feasible for S. In late 1979, S was ported from GCOS to UNIX, which would become the new primary platform.







Unix
UNIX operating systemAT&T UnixUnix-like
When UNIX/32V was ported to the (then new) 32-bit DEC VAX, computing on the Unix platform became feasible for S. In late 1979, S was ported from GCOS to UNIX, which would become the new primary platform.








X Window System
X11XX Window
Many other changes to S took hold, such as the use of X11 and PostScript graphics devices, rewriting many internal functions from Fortran to C, and the use of double precision (only) arithmetic.






PostScript
PSPostScript 3.EPS, .PS
Many other changes to S took hold, such as the use of X11 and PostScript graphics devices, rewriting many internal functions from Fortran to C, and the use of double precision (only) arithmetic.
Double-precision floating-point format
double precisiondouble-precisiondouble
Many other changes to S took hold, such as the use of X11 and PostScript graphics devices, rewriting many internal functions from Fortran to C, and the use of double precision (only) arithmetic.
Method (computer programming)
methodsmethodabstract method
In 1991, Statistical Models in S (1991 White Book) was published, which introduced the use of formula-notation (which use the '~' operator), data frame objects, and modifications to the use of object methods and classes.
Class (computer programming)
classclassesPartial class
In 1991, Statistical Models in S (1991 White Book) was published, which introduced the use of formula-notation (which use the '~' operator), data frame objects, and modifications to the use of object methods and classes.

Programming paradigm
Multi-paradigmmulti-paradigm programming languageprogramming paradigms
Imperative programming
imperativeimperative programming languageimperative language
Object-oriented programming
object-orientedobject orientedobject-oriented programming language

