Second Battle of Bull Run and Related Topics

James Longstreet

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One of the foremost Confederate generals of the American Civil War and the principal subordinate to General Robert E. Lee, who called him his "Old War Horse".

August 30, 4 p.m.: Start of Longstreet's attack

Longstreet at Gettysburg c. undefined 1900

Longstreet's Left Wing assaults, mid-day September 20

James Longstreet in later life (1896), affecting the sideburns of his opponent at Fredericksburg and Knoxville

Equestrian statue of General Longstreet on his horse Hero in Pitzer Woods at Gettysburg National Military Park

Map of events during the Peninsula campaign to the Battle of Seven Pines Confederate
Union

Longstreet's attack in the Battle of the Wilderness, May 6, 1864, shortly before he was wounded Confederate
Union

Longstreet led a devastating counterattack that routed the Union army at Second Bull Run in August.

The Battle of Antietam, by Kurz & Allison (1878), depicting the scene of action at Burnside's Bridge

Battle of the American Civil War fought on September 17, 1862, between Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and Union Gen. George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac near Sharpsburg, Maryland and Antietam Creek.

Lincoln with McClellan and staff at the Grove Farm after the battle. Notable figures (from left) are 1. Col. Delos Sackett; 4. Gen. George W. Morell; 5. Alexander S. Webb, Chief of Staff, V Corps; 6. McClellan;. 8. Dr. Jonathan Letterman; 10. Lincoln; 11. Henry J. Hunt; 12. Fitz John Porter; 15. Andrew A. Humphreys; 16. Capt. George Armstrong Custer.

Battlefield of Antietam, situation September 15 to 16, 1862

Assaults by the I Corps, 5:30 to 7:30 a.m.

Dead Confederate soldiers from Starke's Louisiana Brigade, on the Hagerstown Turnpike, north of the Dunker Church. Photograph by Alexander Gardner.

Assaults by the XII Corps, 7:30 to 9:00 a.m.

The Dunker Church after September 17, 1862. Here, both Union and Confederate dead lie together on the field.

Assaults by the XII and II Corps, 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.

Confederate dead lie in the "Bloody Lane" after the Battle of Antietam, 1862.

Assaults by the IX Corps, 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

Confederate dead gathered for burial after the battle. Photograph by Alexander Gardner.

Photograph by Alexander Gardner of Lincoln and McClellan near the Antietam battlefield, October 3, 1862

{{center|Charge of the 51st New York and 51st Pennsylvania across Burnside's Bridge, by Edwin Forbes}}

{{center|Battle of Antietam by Kurz and Allison}}

{{center|Confederate guns on the hill above poured fire into the Union ranks at Burnside's bridge. Photo taken just after the Battle of Antietam, 1862.}}

Union positions below the Confederates at Burnside Bridge

{{center|Confederate soldiers on the Antietam battlefield as they fell inside the fence on the Hagerstown road, September 1862 by Alexander Gardner}}

{{center|Harper's Weekly drawing of dead soldiers on Antietam battlefield, based on Gardner photograph}}

{{center|Confederate horses lay dead and artillery caissons destroyed on Antietam battlefield<ref>Site identified by Frassanito, pp. 168–70.</ref>}}

{{center|Dead on Antietam battlefield<ref>Site identified by Robert Kalasky, "Military Images" Volume XX, Number 6 May–June 1999, pp. 24–29.</ref>}}

{{center|Confederate dead at Bloody Lane, looking east from the north bank. Alexander Gardner photograph.}}

{{center|Confederate dead at Bloody Lane, looking northeast from the south bank. Alexander Gardner photograph.<ref>The Union soldiers looking on were likely members of the 130th Pennsylvania, who were assigned burial detail</ref>}}

{{center|"Confederate soldier who after being wounded had evidently dragged himself to a little ravine on the hillside where he died". Photograph by Alexander Gardner.}}

{{center|Federal burial party, by Alexander Gardner<ref>Site identified by Frassanito, pp. 144–47.</ref>}}

{{center|Burying Union dead on the Antietam battlefield}}

{{center|"A Lonely Grave"—Federal grave at Antietam, by Alexander Gardner<ref>Site identified by Frassanito, pp. 171–74.</ref>}}

{{center|Antietam Battlefield photograph, by Alexander Gardner<ref>Original description claimed "Battlefield of Antietam on the Day of the Battle" September 17, 1862; however, see Frassanito, pp. 70–73.</ref>}}

{{center|"Artillery Hell", by James Hope (Dunker Church at the far left)}}

{{center|"A Fateful Turn"—Late morning looking east toward the Roulette Farm", by James Hope}}

{{center|"The Aftermath at Bloody Lane", by James Hope}}

{{center|"Wasted Gallantry", by James Hope}}

{{center|"A Crucial Delay", by James Hope}}

{{center|The Lutheran Church just east of Sharpsburg marks the extent of the Union offensive during the Battle of Antietam, 1862.}}

"Battle of Antietam" by Thure de Thulstrup, showing the charge of the Iron Brigade near Dunker Church

Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia—about 55,000 men —entered the state of Maryland on September 3, following their victory at Second Bull Run on August 30.

General Jackson at Winchester, Virginia 1862

Stonewall Jackson

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Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (January 21, 1824 – May 10, 1863) served as a Confederate general (1861–1863) during the American Civil War, and became one of the best-known Confederate commanders, after Robert E. Lee.

First lieutenant Thomas J. Jackson sometime after West Point graduation in the late 1840s

House owned by Stonewall Jackson in Lexington

The Colonel Lewis T. Moore house, which served as the Winchester Headquarters of Lt. Gen. T. J. "Stonewall" Jackson (photo 2007)

General Jackson by Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau

Historical marker marking the end of Gen. Stonewall Jackson's pursuit of the Federals after the Battle of McDowell, May 12, 1862

Jackson and Little Sorrel, painting by David Bendann

The plantation office building where Stonewall Jackson died in Guinea Station, Virginia

In 1864 Jackson was memorialized on the Confederate $500 banknote.

Prayer in "Stonewall" Jackson's camp, 1866

A portrait of Stonewall Jackson (1864, J. W. King) in the National Portrait Gallery

General Lee's Last Visit to Stonewall Jackson's Grave, painting by Louis Eckhardt, 1872

The Stonewall Brigade, Dedicated to the Memory of Stonewall Jackson, the Immortal Southern Hero, and His Brave Veterans, Sheet music, 1863

Confederate Loan from March 2, 1863, Vignette with Jackson

Stonewall Jackson with the flag of the Confederate States in art in a stained glass window of the Washington National Cathedral

Davis, Lee, and Jackson on Stone Mountain

The Thomas Jonathan Jackson sculpture in downtown Charlottesville, Virginia

Statue of Gen. "Stonewall" Jackson in downtown Clarksburg, West Virginia

Bust of Jackson at the Washington-Wilkes Historical Museum

Stonewall Jackson statue in Richmond, Virginia being removed on July 1, 2020

In the Northern Virginia Campaign that summer, Jackson's troops captured and destroyed an important supply depot for General John Pope's Army of Virginia, and then withstood repeated assaults from Pope's troops at the Second Battle of Bull Run.

Robert E. Lee

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Confederate general who served the Confederate States of America in the American Civil War, during which he was appointed the overall commander of the Confederate States Army.

Lee at age 31 in 1838, as a Lieutenant of Engineers in the U.S. Army

Robert E. Lee, around age 38, and his son William Henry Fitzhugh Lee, around age 8, c.1845

Robert E. Lee around age 43, when he was a brevet lieutenant-colonel of engineers, c. 1850

Lee mounted on Traveller (September 1866)

Battle of Gettysburg, by Thure de Thulstrup

Lee with son Custis (left) and aide Walter H. Taylor (right) by Brady, April 16, 1865

General Lee and his Confederate officers in their first meeting since Appomattox, August 1869.

Oath of amnesty submitted by Robert E. Lee in 1865

Robert E. Lee, oil on canvas, Edward Calledon Bruce, 1865. Virginia Historical Society

Robert Edward Lee in art at the Battle of Chancellorsville in a stained glass window of the Washington National Cathedral

Facade view of Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial — at Arlington National Cemetery, in Virginia, pictured in 2006

Unveiling of the Equestrian Statue of Robert E. Lee, May 29, 1890, Richmond, Virginia

The removal of Lee's statue from a monument in New Orleans

Stained glass of Lee's life in the National Cathedral

Robert E. Lee, National Statuary Hall, Washington, D.C. Edward Virginius Valentine, sculptor, 1909

Robert E Lee, Virginia Monument, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Frederick William Sievers, sculptor, 1917

Robert E. Lee Monument by Mercié, Monument Avenue, Richmond, Virginia, 1890

Statue of Lee at the Confederate War Memorial, Dallas, 1896

University Chapel on the campus of Washington and Lee University

Lee then overcame Union forces under John Pope at the Second Battle of Bull Run in August.

A. P. Hill

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Confederate general who was killed in the American Civil War.

Portrait of Hill by William Ludwell Sheppard, 1898

After the start of the American Civil War, he gained early fame as the commander of the "Light Division" in the Seven Days Battles and became one of Stonewall Jackson's ablest subordinates, distinguishing himself in the 1862 battles of Cedar Mountain, Second Bull Run, Antietam, and Fredericksburg.

Union General George B. McClellan and Confederate General Robert E. Lee, the principal commanders of the campaign

Maryland campaign

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The Maryland campaign (or Antietam campaign) occurred September 4–20, 1862, during the American Civil War.

Northern Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania (1861-1865)

Confederate troops marching south on N Market Street, Frederick, Maryland, during the Civil War

Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), September 17, 1862

Maryland campaign, actions September 3–15, 1862
Confederate
Union

Lee then conducted the northern Virginia campaign in which he outmaneuvered and defeated Maj. Gen. John Pope and his Army of Virginia, most significantly at the Second Battle of Bull Run (Second Manassas).

John Pope (military officer)

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Career United States Army officer and Union general in the American Civil War.

He had a brief stint in the Western Theater, but he is best known for his defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run (Second Manassas) in the East.

Clockwise from top: Battle of Gettysburg

Union Captain John Tidball's artillery

Confederate prisoners

ironclad USS Atlanta (1861)

Ruins of Richmond, Virginia

Battle of Franklin

American Civil War

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Civil war in the United States between the Union (states that remained loyal to the federal union, or "the North") and the Confederacy (states that voted to secede, or "the South").