A report on Selective estrogen receptor modulator

Tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal triphenylethylene antiestrogen and a widely used drug in the treatment of breast cancer.
Figure 2: Nolvadex (tamoxifen) 20-milligram tablets (UK)
Figure 3: The domain structures of ERα and ERβ, including some of the known phosphorylation sites involved in ligand-independent regulation.
Figure 4: Structural basis for the mechanism of estrogen receptor agonist and antagonist action. The structures shown here are of the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the estrogen receptor (green cartoon diagram) complexed with either the agonist diethylstilbestrol (top, ) or antagonist 4-hydroxytamoxifen (bottom, ). The ligands are depicted as space filling spheres (white = carbon, red = oxygen). When an agonist is bound to a nuclear receptor, the C-terminal alpha helix of the LBD (H12; light blue) is positioned such that a coactivator protein (red) can bind to the surface of the LBD. Shown here is just a small part of the coactivator protein, the so-called NR box containing the LXXLL amino acid sequence motif. Antagonists occupy the same ligand binding cavity of the nuclear receptor. However antagonist ligands in addition have a sidechain extension which sterically displaces H12 to occupy roughly the same position in space as coactivators bind. Hence coactivator binding to the LBD is blocked.
Figure 5: 4-hydroxytamoxifen (red) overlaid with 17β-estradiol (black)
Figure 6: Trans-form of clomifene with the triphenylethylene structure in red.
Figure 8: Chemical structure of toremifene
Figure 9: Raloxifene has a benzothiophene group (red) and is connected with a flexible carbonyl hinge to a phenyl 4-piperidinoethoxy side chain (green).
Figure 10: Chemical structure of nafoxidine with the dihydronapthalene group in red.
Figure 11: Chemical structure of lasofoxifene shows cis-oriented phenyls.
Figure 12: Bazedoxifene includes an indole system (red) which is connected to an amine through a benzyloxyethyl chain (green).
Figure 13: Chemical structure of ospemifene. Ethoxy side chain ends with a hydroxy group (red) instead of a dimethylamino group as with first-generation SERMs.
Figure 14: The ABCD steroid ring system in 17β-estradiol.
Figure 15: "A ring" (A) and "D ring" (D) marked in raloxifene.

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), also known as estrogen receptor agonist/antagonists (ERAAs), are a class of drugs that act on the estrogen receptor (ER).

- Selective estrogen receptor modulator
Tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal triphenylethylene antiestrogen and a widely used drug in the treatment of breast cancer.

23 related topics with Alpha

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Nolvadex (tamoxifen) 20 mg tablets.

Tamoxifen

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Nolvadex (tamoxifen) 20 mg tablets.
Crystallographic structure of afimoxifene (carbon = white, oxygen = red, nitrogen = blue) complexed with ligand binding domain of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) (cyan ribbon).

Tamoxifen, sold under the brand name Nolvadex among others, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used to prevent breast cancer in women and treat breast cancer in women and men.

A dimer of the ligand-binding region of ERβ (PDB rendering based on ).

Estrogen receptor

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Estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of proteins found inside cells.

Estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of proteins found inside cells.

A dimer of the ligand-binding region of ERβ (PDB rendering based on ).
The domain structures of ERα and ERβ, including some of the known phosphorylation sites involved in ligand-independent regulation.
A dimer of the ligand-binding region of ERα (PDB rendering based on ).
Nolvadex (tamoxifen) 20 mg
Arimidex (anastrozole) 1 mg

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (e.g., tamoxifen, clomifene, raloxifene)

A bottle of raloxifene.

Raloxifene

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Medication used to prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and those on glucocorticoids.

Medication used to prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and those on glucocorticoids.

A bottle of raloxifene.

Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and therefore a mixed agonist–antagonist of the estrogen receptor (ER).

Clomifene

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Medication used to treat infertility in women who do not ovulate, including those with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Medication used to treat infertility in women who do not ovulate, including those with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Clomifene is in the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) family of medication and is a nonsteroidal medication.

Estrogen receptor alpha

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One of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen.

One of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen.

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (e.g., tamoxifen, clomifene, raloxifene)

Fulvestrant, a steroidal antiestrogen and a drug used in the treatment of breast cancer.

Antiestrogen

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Antiestrogens, also known as estrogen antagonists or estrogen blockers, are a class of drugs which prevent estrogens like estradiol from mediating their biological effects in the body.

Antiestrogens, also known as estrogen antagonists or estrogen blockers, are a class of drugs which prevent estrogens like estradiol from mediating their biological effects in the body.

Fulvestrant, a steroidal antiestrogen and a drug used in the treatment of breast cancer.

Antiestrogens include selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like tamoxifen, clomifene, and raloxifene, the ER silent antagonist and selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) fulvestrant, aromatase inhibitors (AIs) like anastrozole, and antigonadotropins including androgens/anabolic steroids, progestogens, and GnRH analogues.

Testosterone levels with no treatment and with various estrogens in men with prostate cancer. Determinations were made with an early radioimmunoassay (RIA). Source was Shearer et al. (1973).

Chlorotrianisene

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Nonsteroidal estrogen related to diethylstilbestrol (DES) which was previously used in the treatment of menopausal symptoms and estrogen deficiency in women and prostate cancer in men, among other indications, but has since been discontinued and is now no longer available.

Nonsteroidal estrogen related to diethylstilbestrol (DES) which was previously used in the treatment of menopausal symptoms and estrogen deficiency in women and prostate cancer in men, among other indications, but has since been discontinued and is now no longer available.

Testosterone levels with no treatment and with various estrogens in men with prostate cancer. Determinations were made with an early radioimmunoassay (RIA). Source was Shearer et al. (1973).

It is a high-efficacy partial estrogen and shows some properties of a selective estrogen receptor modulator, with predominantly estrogenic activity but also some antiestrogenic activity.

Ethamoxytriphetol

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Synthetic nonsteroidal antiestrogen that was studied clinically in the late 1950s and early 1960s but was never marketed.

Synthetic nonsteroidal antiestrogen that was studied clinically in the late 1950s and early 1960s but was never marketed.

However, some estrogenic effects in the uterus have been observed, so it is not a pure antiestrogen (that is, a silent antagonist of the estrogen receptor (ER)) but is, instead, technically a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM).

Estradiol, the major estrogen sex hormone in humans and a widely used medication.

Estrogen (medication)

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Type of medication which is used most commonly in hormonal birth control and menopausal hormone therapy, and as part of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women.

Type of medication which is used most commonly in hormonal birth control and menopausal hormone therapy, and as part of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women.

Estradiol, the major estrogen sex hormone in humans and a widely used medication.
Mean number of moderate-to-severe hot flashes per week with placebo and different doses of oral estradiol in a randomized controlled trial of 333 menopausal women.

Its effectiveness is approximately equivalent to that of antiestrogen therapy with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole.

Ospemifene

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Oral medication indicated for the treatment of dyspareunia – pain during sexual intercourse – encountered by some women, more often in those who are post-menopausal.

Oral medication indicated for the treatment of dyspareunia – pain during sexual intercourse – encountered by some women, more often in those who are post-menopausal.

Ospemifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) acting similarly to an estrogen on the vaginal epithelium, building vaginal wall thickness which in turn reduces the pain associated with dyspareunia.