A report on Seneca the Younger

Ancient bust of Seneca, part of the Double Herm of Socrates and Seneca
Modern statue of Seneca in Córdoba
Nero and Seneca, by Eduardo Barrón (1904). Museo del Prado
Manuel Domínguez Sánchez, The suicide of Seneca (1871), Museo del Prado
Lodovico Lana, Death of Seneca, National Gallery of Art
First page of the Naturales Quaestiones, made for the Catalan-Aragonese court
Woodcut illustration of the suicide of Seneca and the attempted suicide of his wife Pompeia Paulina
Naturales quaestiones, 1522
Plato, Seneca, and Aristotle in a medieval manuscript illustration (c. 1325–35)
The "Pseudo-Seneca", a Roman bust found at Herculaneum, one of a series of similar sculptures known since the Renaissance, once identified as Seneca. Now commonly identified as Hesiod
"Seneca", ancient hero of the modern Córdoba; this architectural roundel in Seville is based on the "Pseudo-Seneca" (illustration above)
Baroque marble imaginary portrait bust of Seneca, by an anonymous sculptor of the 17th century. Museo del Prado

Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, dramatist, and, in one work, satirist, from the post-Augustan age of Latin literature.

- Seneca the Younger
Ancient bust of Seneca, part of the Double Herm of Socrates and Seneca

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Miriam T. Griffin

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American classical scholar and tutor of ancient history at Somerville College at the University of Oxford from 1967 to 2002.

American classical scholar and tutor of ancient history at Somerville College at the University of Oxford from 1967 to 2002.

She was a scholar of Roman history and ancient thought, and wrote books on the Emperor Nero and his tutor, Seneca, encouraging an appreciation of the philosophical writings of the ancient Romans within their historical context.

Feast of Thyestes (15th-century manuscript)

Thyestes (Seneca)

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Feast of Thyestes (15th-century manuscript)

Thyestes is a first century AD fabula crepidata (Roman tragedy with Greek subject) of approximately 1112 lines of verse by Lucius Annaeus Seneca, which tells the story of Thyestes, who unwittingly ate his own children who were slaughtered and served at a banquet by his brother Atreus.

Cato the Elder

Latin literature

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Latin literature includes the essays, histories, poems, plays, and other writings written in the Latin language.

Latin literature includes the essays, histories, poems, plays, and other writings written in the Latin language.

Cato the Elder
Cicero
Roman orator
Virgil

During the reign of Nero from 54 to 68, the Stoic philosopher Seneca wrote a number of dialogues and letters on such moral themes as mercy and generosity.

From the 1594 edition, published by Jean Le Preux

De Clementia

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From the 1594 edition, published by Jean Le Preux

De Clementia (frequently translated as On Mercy in English) is a two volume (incomplete) hortatory essay written in AD 55–56 by Seneca the Younger, a Roman Stoic philosopher, to the emperor Nero in the first five years of his reign.

Corsica

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Island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France.

Island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France.

Carthage and its dependencies in 264 BC; Corsica was a part of Carthage
The medieval influence of Pisa in Corsica can be seen in the Romanesque-Pisan style of the Church of Aregno.
The North African pirates frequently attacked Corsica, resulting in many Genoese towers being erected.
Pasquale Paoli
Corsicans commemorating the anniversary of the birth of Napoleon
Monument to the 50th anniversary of the liberation of Corsica during WWII in Solaro (plaine orientale)
Banner at the Pasquale Paoli University erected by supporters of Corsican independence, calling for the release of Yvan Colonna
Scene of 2022 Corsica unrest, large protests and riots after Corsican independentist Yvan Colonna was killed in prison
The Bay of Calvi: Corsica is the most mountainous Mediterranean island.
A view of Speloncato
Brando in the Haute-Corse department
Köppen climate classification types of Corsica
Saint-Nicolas church in Feliceto
Chart of the dialects of the Corsican language, which also extends into northern Sardinia.
Map of Corsica
Corsica's coastline is a major driver for tourism – coastline by the town of Propriano
Port of Ajaccio
Looking north across the Strait of Bonifacio from the northern tip of Sardinia; the southern coast of Corsica is barely visible through the haze of distance.
Corsican nationalists have used means such as the removal of French names (often also Italian) on road signs.

Moreover, it was known for its cheap wines, exported to Rome, and was used as a place of relegation, one of the most famous exiles being the Roman philosopher Seneca.

Medea about to kill her children (Eugène Delacroix)

Medea (Seneca)

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Medea about to kill her children (Eugène Delacroix)

Medea is a fabula crepidata (Roman tragedy with Greek subject) of about 1027 lines of verse written by Seneca the Younger.

The School of Athens (1509–1511) by Raphael, depicting famous classical Greek philosophers in an idealized setting inspired by ancient Greek architecture.

Philosophy

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Systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language.

Systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language.

The School of Athens (1509–1511) by Raphael, depicting famous classical Greek philosophers in an idealized setting inspired by ancient Greek architecture.
The Vinegar Tasters (Japan, Edo period, 1802-1816) by Kanō Isen'in, depicting the three main philosophical figures in East Asian thought: Buddha, Confucius and Laozi.
Statue of Aristotle (384–322 BCE), a major figure of ancient Greek philosophy, in Aristotle's Park, Stagira.
A painting of the influential modern philosopher Immanuel Kant (in the blue coat) with his friends. Other figures include Christian Jakob Kraus, Johann Georg Hamann, Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel and Karl Gottfried Hagen.
A page of The Maxims of Ptahhotep, traditionally attributed to the Vizier Ptahhotep (c. 2375–2350 BCE).
An Iranian portrait of Avicenna on a Silver Vase. He was one of the most influential philosophers of the Islamic Golden Age.
Adi Shankara is one of the most frequently studied Hindu philosophers.
The parable of the blind men and the elephant illustrates the important Jain doctrine of anēkāntavāda.
Statue of the Neo-Confucian scholar Zhu Xi at the White Deer Grotto Academy in Lushan Mountain.
Kitaro Nishida, considered the founder of the Kyoto School of philosophical thought, c. 1943.
Painting of Zera Yacob from Claude Sumner's Classical Ethiopian Philosophy.
A Tlamatini (Aztec philosopher) observing the stars, from the Codex Mendoza.
Depiction of Pachacuti worshipping Inti (god Sun) at Coricancha, in the 17th century second chronicles of Martín de Murúa. Pachacuti was a major Incan ruler, author and poet.
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) was an English writer and philosopher.
The Beijing imperial college was an intellectual center for Confucian ethics and classics during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.
Dignaga founded a school of Buddhist epistemology and logic.
The beginning of Aristotle's Metaphysics in an incunabulum decorated with hand-painted miniatures.
Thomas Hobbes, best known for his Leviathan, which expounded an influential formulation of social contract theory.
Martin Luther King Jr.

With the rise of the Roman empire, Greek philosophy was increasingly discussed in Latin by Romans such as Cicero and Seneca (see Roman philosophy).

The Death of Socrates by Jacques-Louis David (1787)

Forced suicide

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Method of execution where the victim is coerced into committing suicide to avoid facing an alternative option they perceive as much worse, such as suffering torture, public humiliation, or having friends or family members imprisoned, tortured or killed.

Method of execution where the victim is coerced into committing suicide to avoid facing an alternative option they perceive as much worse, such as suffering torture, public humiliation, or having friends or family members imprisoned, tortured or killed.

The Death of Socrates by Jacques-Louis David (1787)

The Stoic philosopher Seneca also killed himself in response to an order by his pupil, the Roman Emperor Nero, who himself was forced to commit suicide at a later date.

Queen Boudica in John Opie's painting Boadicea Haranguing the Britons

Boudica

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Queen of the British Iceni tribe who led an uprising against the conquering forces of the Roman Empire in AD 60 or 61.

Queen of the British Iceni tribe who led an uprising against the conquering forces of the Roman Empire in AD 60 or 61.

Queen Boudica in John Opie's painting Boadicea Haranguing the Britons
1855 Bronze statue of Boadicea (Boudica) and her daughters, at Captain's Walk in Brecon, Powys, Wales; by sculptor John Thomas.
Location of Iceni territory in eastern England, including all of Norfolk; modern county borders are shown.
Memorial to Lucius Duccius Rufinus, a standard bearer of the Ninth Legion, Yorkshire Museum, York
Detail of Thomas Thornycroft's Boadicea and Her Daughters
Photo of Boudica statue, 31 January 2013

Cassius Dio explains Boudica's response by saying that previous imperial donations to influential Britons were confiscated and the Roman financier and philosopher Seneca called in the loans he had forced on the reluctant Celtic Britons.

13th century manuscript made for the Catalan-Aragonese crown

Naturales quaestiones

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13th century manuscript made for the Catalan-Aragonese crown

Naturales quaestiones is a Latin work of natural philosophy written by Seneca around 65 AD. It is not a systematic encyclopedia like the Naturalis Historia of Pliny the Elder, though with Pliny's work it represents one of the few Roman works dedicated to investigating the natural world.