A report on Shandong

A Song-era monument to a legendary native of Shandong, the Yellow Emperor, at his supposed birthplace
Remains of Ancient Linzi city sewer passing underneath the former city wall
City of Linqing, Shandong, with a view of the Grand Canal. Drawing by William Alexander, draughtsman of the Macartney Embassy to China in 1793.
Street market in the city, photographed by members of the Fragata Sarmiento's crew in the late 19th century
German 1912 map of the Shandong Peninsula showing the Kiautschou Bay concession
The sacred Mount Tai
Tomb of the 59th generation senior descendant of Confucius, Kong Yanjin. Many generations of the senior-branch direct descendants of Confucius ruled the Qufu area as its feudal rulers.
Shandong coastal vineyards
Map of Shandong Dialects
Jinan Olympic Sports Center Stadium.
Altar of the Temple of Guandi in Jinan
Hall of the Great Perfection of the Temple of Confucius in Qufu
Temple of Mazu in Qingdao

Coastal province of the People's Republic of China and is part of the East China region.

- Shandong

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Overall

Jinan

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Old town of Jinan
Monument commemorating the war dead of the battle of Jinan on Hero Hill
Entrance to Water Lily Street, a historical shopping street in Jinan.
Jinan and vicinities
7 December 2013 image from NASA's Terra Satellite of the Eastern China smog
Map of Jinan (labeled as CHI-NAN (TSINAN))
Skyline seen from the Thousand Buddha Mountain
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Quancheng Square of Jinan
Pavilion in the 10,000 Bamboo Garden of Baotu Spring Park
Sacred Heart Cathedral, Jinan
Hall of Shandong Provincial Museum

Jinan, alternately romanized as Tsinan, is the capital of Shandong province in Eastern China.

Qingdao

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Sketch map of Tsingtao, circa 1906
Main gate of former Chinese munitions depot, taken over by the Imperial German Navy, Kiautschou Bay, Shandong peninsula, 1898
Map of Qingdao in 1912
Image of Qingdao in the early 1900s
Qingdao (labeled CH'ING-TAO (TSINGTAO) 青島) (1954)
Map including Qingdao (labeled as CH'ING-TAO (TSINGTAO))
Qingdao-based Tsingtao beer, China's second-largest domestic brand and its largest export brand.
Qingdao TV Tower
Qingdao railway station
A Qingdao bus
Platform of Qingdao Metro
The Qingdao Tram system is operating in Chengyang District
Qingdao retains many buildings with a German architectural style
St. Michael's Cathedral
Skyscrapers in Qingdao
Old Main Building of Qingdao University of Science and Technology

Qingdao (, also spelled Tsingtao;, Mandarin: ) is a major city in eastern Shandong Province.

Hebei

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Northern province of China.

Northern province of China.

Nearly 1100-year-old Iron Lion of Cangzhou
Tricolor Duck-Shaped Cup, Tang Dynasty, unearthed from Anxin County
The Putuo Zongcheng Temple of Chengde, Hebei, built in 1771 during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor.
Hebei in 1936
Langyashan (Wolf Tooth Mountain), in Yi County
Section of the Great Wall of China at Jinshanling
Bashang Meadows in Fengning County
Downtown Shijiazhuang.
A building in downtown Zhangjiakou.
The Lingxiao Pagoda of Zhengding, Hebei Province, built in AD 1045 during the Song dynasty
Hejian-styled donkey burger
A Ding ware bowl
The Xumi Pagoda of Zhengding, Hebei province, built in 636 AD during the Tang dynasty
View of the Chengde Mountain Resort

Hebei borders the provinces of Shanxi to the west, Henan to the south, Shandong to the southeast and Liaoning to the northeast, as well as the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the north.

Henan

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Landlocked province of China, in the central part of the country.

Landlocked province of China, in the central part of the country.

Shang dynasty oracle bone script, the first form of Chinese writing
A late Eastern Han (25–220 AD) Chinese tomb mural showing lively scenes of a banquet, dance and music, acrobatics, and wrestling, from the Dahuting Han tombs, on the southern bank of the Suihe River in Xinmi, Henan
Longmen Grottoes (Mt. Longmen), Luoyang, Henan
Farmland in Xiping County, Zhumadian
White Horse Temple
Henan University

Its neighboring provinces are Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, and Hubei.

Yellow River

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The Yellow River Breaches its Course by Ma Yuan (1160–1225, Song dynasty)
The Yellow River as depicted in a Qing dynasty illustrated map (sections)
Historical courses of the Yellow River
Historical courses of the Yellow River
Chinese Nationalist Army soldiers during the 1938 Yellow River flood.
Zoigê County, Sichuan.
Guide County, Qinghai in the Tibetan Plateau, upstream from the Loess Plateau.
Near Xunhua, Qinghai.
Liujiaxia, Gansu.
At Lanzhou, Gansu
At Shapotou, Ningxia
Qiankun bend in Yonghe County
At Luoyang, Henan
The mouth of the Daxia River (coming from bottom right), flowing into the Yellow River's Liujiaxia Reservoir in Linxia Prefecture, Gansu
Expansion of the Yellow River Delta from 1989 to 2009 in five-year intervals.
Yellow River Delta
Liujiaxia Dam, Gansu
Sanmenxia Dam, Henan
Major cities along the Yellow River
Pontoon bridge (Luokou Pontoon Bridge ) over the Yellow River in Jinan, Shandong
The paradise fish is well known in the aquarium hobby and it originates from East Asian river basins, including the Yellow River
The Chinese pond turtle (shown) and Chinese softshell turtle are both native to the Yellow River, but also farmed in large numbers
Qikou town along Yellow River in Shanxi Province

The Yellow River or Huang He (Chinese: 黃河, Mandarin: Huáng hé ) is the second-longest river in China, after the Yangtze River, and the sixth-longest river system in the world at the estimated length of 5464 km. Originating in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai province of Western China, it flows through nine provinces, and it empties into the Bohai Sea near the city of Dongying in Shandong province.

Jiangsu

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Eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China.

Eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China.

One of the tortoise stelae of Xiao Dan (478–522), a member of the Liang royal family. Ganjiaxiang, Qixia District, near Nanjing
The Huqiu Tower of Tiger Hill, Suzhou, built in 961.
The Beisi Pagoda of Suzhou, built between 1131 and 1162 during the Song dynasty, 76 m tall.
Population density and low elevation coastal zones in Jiangsu. Jiangsu is particularly vulnerable to sea level rise.
Jiangsu in 1936
Tourists cross a bridge in Chengxu temple, a Taoist temple which was built in 1086-1093 during the Song Dynasty
Xuanwu Lake in Nanjing
Population distribution of Jiangsu in 2010
An industrial landscape in Ganjiaxiang, Qixia District, Nanjing
The Humble Administrator's Garden, one of the classical gardens of Suzhou.
Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre.
Altar of the Three Pure Ones at the Temple of Zhenwu in Yangzhou.
Xiangfu Buddhist Temple in Wuxi.
Main courtyard of the Temple of Tianfei in Nanjing.

Jiangsu borders Shandong in the north, Anhui to the west, and Zhejiang and Shanghai to the south.

(clockwise from top left)Imperial Japanese Navy landing force in military gas masks in the Battle of Shanghai Japanese Type 92 heavy machine gunners during Operation Ichi-Go Victims of the Nanjing Massacre on the shore of the Qinhuai River Chinese machine gun nest in the Battle of Wuhan Japanese aircraft during the bombing of Chongqing Chinese Expeditionary Force marching in India

Second Sino-Japanese War

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Military conflict that was primarily waged between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan.

Military conflict that was primarily waged between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan.

(clockwise from top left)Imperial Japanese Navy landing force in military gas masks in the Battle of Shanghai Japanese Type 92 heavy machine gunners during Operation Ichi-Go Victims of the Nanjing Massacre on the shore of the Qinhuai River Chinese machine gun nest in the Battle of Wuhan Japanese aircraft during the bombing of Chongqing Chinese Expeditionary Force marching in India
Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, Allied Commander-in-Chief in the China theatre from 1942 to 1945
Japanese troops entering Shenyang during the Mukden Incident
Japanese Empire's territorial expansion
A baby sits in the remains of a Shanghai train station on 'Bloody Saturday', 1937
Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek announced the Kuomintang policy of resistance against Japan at Lushan on 10 July 1937, three days after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident.
Japanese landing near Shanghai, November 1937
Japanese troops in the ruins of Shanghai
Soviet embassy in Nanjing is being burned down by arson on 1 January 1938.
A Chinese POW about to be beheaded by a Japanese officer with a shin gunto
National Revolutionary Army soldiers during the 1938 Yellow River flood
Map showing the extent of Japanese occupation in 1941 (in red)
Theaters (military operational regions) of the Chinese National Revolutionary Army from late 1938 to early 1940
Wang Jingwei and officers of the Collaborationist Chinese Army
Chinese soldiers in house-to-house fighting in the Battle of Taierzhuang, March–April 1938
National Revolutionary Army soldiers march to the front in 1939.
Eighth Route Army Commander Zhu De with a KMT "Blue Sky, White Sun" emblem cap
115th Division of the Eighth Route Army Lieutenant General (NRA rank) Lin Biao in NRA uniform
War declaration against Japan by the Chongqing Nationalist Government on 9 December 1941
Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and his wife Madame Chiang with Lieutenant General Joseph Stilwell in 1942, Burma
A United States poster from the United China Relief organization advocating aid to China.
Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill met at the Cairo Conference in 1943 during World War II.
H. H. Kung and Adolf Hitler in Berlin
I-16 with Chinese insignia. The I-16 was the main fighter plane used by the Chinese Air Force and Soviet volunteers.
Flying Tigers Commander Claire Lee Chennault
A "blood chit" issued to American Volunteer Group pilots requesting all Chinese to offer rescue and protection
Free Thai, American and Chinese military officers in China during the war
The India–China airlift delivered approximately 650,000 tons of materiel to China at a cost of 1,659 men and 594 aircraft.
French colonial troops retreating to the Chinese border after the Japanese coup d'état in March 1945
Chinese Muslim cavalry
Chinese Muslim soldiers
WWII victory parade at Chongqing on 3 September 1945
Japanese troops surrendering to the Chinese
The Chinese return to Liuzhou in July 1945.
Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong in 1945
China War of Resistance Against Japan Memorial Museum on the site where the Marco Polo Bridge Incident took place
The Taiwan Strait and the island of Taiwan
Casualties of a mass panic during a June 1941 Japanese bombing of Chongqing. More than 5,000 civilians died during the first two days of air raids in 1939.
Japanese war crime against a Chinese POW
Japanese Special Naval Landing Forces with gas masks and rubber gloves during a chemical attack near Chapei in the Battle of Shanghai
Chinese suicide bomber putting on an explosive vest made out of Model 24 hand grenades to use in an attack on Japanese tanks at the Battle of Taierzhuang

Following World War I, Japan acquired the German Empire's sphere of influence in Shandong province, leading to nationwide anti-Japanese protests and mass demonstrations in China.

China MSA's Seaways Plan for the Bohai Sea. Planned routes follow closely the seaways currently in use

Bohai Sea

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Marginal sea approximately 77,000 km2 in area on the east coast of Mainland China.

Marginal sea approximately 77,000 km2 in area on the east coast of Mainland China.

China MSA's Seaways Plan for the Bohai Sea. Planned routes follow closely the seaways currently in use
Rocky shore in Dalian, Liaoning

The Bohai Sea is enclosed by three provinces and one direct-administered municipality from three different regions of China — Liaoning Province (of Northeast China), Hebei Province and Tianjin Municipality (of North China), and Shandong Province (of East China).

Yantai

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Moon Bay in Yantai
Original German Post Office in Yantai's old town
Yantai (labelled as YEN-T'AI (CHEFOO) 煙台) (1953)
Map of Yantai (labeled as YEN-T'AI (CHEFOO))
Modern day Chateau Changyu, Yantai, Shandong
Yantai Ship Mast
Temple of the Sea Goddess

Yantai, formerly known as Chefoo, is a coastal prefecture-level city on the Shandong Peninsula in northeastern Shandong province of People's Republic of China.

Imaginary portrait by Wu Daozi (685–758), Tang dynasty

Confucius

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Chinese philosopher and politician of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages.

Chinese philosopher and politician of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages.

Imaginary portrait by Wu Daozi (685–758), Tang dynasty
Lu can be seen in China's northeast.
Map showing the journey of Confucius to various states between 497 BCE and 484 BCE.
Tomb of Confucius in Kong Lin cemetery, Qufu, Shandong Province
The Analects
The Shijing or Classic of Poetry
Confucius together with Moses and Muhammad among the greatest legislators of the past, by Jean-Baptiste Mauzaisse (1827), Louvre Palace
Confucius, Philosopher of the Chinese, published by Jesuit missionaries at Paris in 1687.
Zengzi (right) kneeling before Confucius (center), as depicted in a painting from the Illustrations of the Classic of Filial Piety, Song dynasty
Portrait by Qiu Ying (1494–1552), Ming dynasty
First entrance gate of the Temple of Confucius in Zhenhai
The Temple of Confucius in Jiading, now a suburb of Shanghai. The Jiading Temple of Confucius now operates a museum devoted to the imperial exam formerly administered at the temples.

It is thought that Confucius was born on September 28, 551 BCE, in Zou (, in modern Shandong province).