Sialkot

Iqbal Manzil the residence of Allama Iqbal

Allama Iqbal, the philosopher-poet credited inspiring the Pakistan Movement, was born in Sialkot in 1877.

City in Punjab, Pakistan.

- Sialkot

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Punjab, Pakistan

One of the four provinces of Pakistan.

Punjab was part of the Vedic Civilization

Location of Punjab, Pakistan and the extent of the Indus Valley Civilisation sites in and around it

Modern painting of Bulleh Shah (1680–1757), a Punjabi Muslim Sufi poet who has hugely impacted the region

Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s court at Lahore Fort, by August Schoefft

The Faisalabad Clock Tower was built during the rule of the British Empire

Punjab features mountainous terrain near the hill station of Murree.

The route from Dera Ghazi Khan to Fort Munro

A demonstration by Punjabis at Lahore, Pakistan, demanding to make Punjabi as official language of instruction in schools of the Punjab.

Main entrance to The university of Sargodha

Government college for Women, Rawalpindi

Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam, Multan (1320 AD)

Punjab is famous for various shrines of Sufi saints and Data durbar in particular

Badshahi Mosque, built by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb at Lahore

Camel saddle created in Multan or in other parts of Pakistan. It is very different from Multani Khussa

Matki earthen pot, a clay vase exhibition

Lahore Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Katas Raj Temples (Sardar of Hari Singh's Haveli)

Clock Tower at Govt College University, Lahore

Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Auditorium in Faisalabad

A view of Murree, a famous hill station of Punjab

Different shapes of clay pots mostly made in Gujrat

Tilla Jogian Jhelum, scenic peak in Punjab considered sacred by Hindus

Other major cities include Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Multan, Rawalpindi, and Sialkot.

Sagala

Sagala was included in Alexander's campaign in ancient India.

Sagala as a part of the Shunga Empire c. 185 to 73 BC.

Sagala, Sakala, Shakala (शाकल), or Sangala was a city in ancient India, which was the predecessor of the modern city of Sialkot that is located in what is now Pakistan's northern Punjab province.

Ball (association football)

Ball used in the sport of association football.

Adidas Telstar-style ball, with the familiar black and white spherical truncated icosahedron pattern, introduced in 1970

Early football ball (with its leather lace) used in the 1930 FIFA World Cup Final

Leather ball used in the football tournament at the 1936 Summer Olympics

Adidas Torfabrik football used in the Bundesliga in 2011

A professional/premium match soccer ball.

It is estimated that 55% of all footballs are made in Sialkot, Pakistan, with other major producers being China and India.

Jammu

Winter capital of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

Maharaja Gulab Singh of Jammu and Kashmir

Maharaja of Kashmir, Hari Singh (1895 - 1961)

Government College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu

A 43 km long railway line connecting Jammu with Sialkot was laid in 1897

Lahore

Capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab, is Pakistan's 2nd largest city after Karachi, and is the 26th largest city in the world.

The Lava Temple at the Lahore Fort dates from the Sikh period, and is dedicated to the Hindu deity Lava

The Data Darbar shrine, one of Pakistan's most important, was built to commemorate the patron saint of Lahore, Ali Hujwiri, who lived in the city during the Ghaznavid era in the 11th century.

The Neevin Mosque is one of Lahore's few remaining medieval era buildings.

Lahore's Wazir Khan Mosque is considered to be the most ornately decorated Mughal-era mosque.

The Begum Shahi Mosque was completed in 1614 in honour of Jahangir's mother, Mariam-uz-Zamani.

The iconic Alamgiri Gate of the Lahore Fort was built in 1674, and faces Aurangzeb's Badshahi Mosque.

Wazir Khan Mosque painting by William Carpenter, 1866.

The Sunehri Mosque was built in the Walled City of Lahore in the early 18th century, when the Mughal Empire was in decline.

The Tomb of Asif Khan was one of several monuments plundered for its precious building materials during the Sikh period.

Lahore's Hazuri Bagh is at the centre of an ensemble of Mughal and Sikh era monuments, including the Badshahi Mosque, Lahore Fort, Roshnai Gate, and the Samadhi of Ranjit Singh.

The marble Hazuri Bagh Baradari was built in 1818 to celebrate Ranjit Singh's acquisition of the Koh-i-Noor diamond.

The Shah Alami area of Lahore's Walled City in 1890

Having been constructed in the immediate aftermath of the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny, the design of the Lahore Railway Station was highly militarised in order to defend the structure from any further potential uprisings against British rule.

The Mall, Lahore's pre-independence commercial core, features many examples of colonial architecture.

Sections of the Walled City of Lahore have been under restoration since 2012 in conjunction with the Agha Khan Trust for Culture.

The area around the Wazir Khan Mosque exemplifies the Walled City's urban form

Built in 2012, Grand Jamia Mosque in Southern Lahore is a blend of Mughal and modern architecture.

A syncretic architectural style that blends Islamic, Hindu, and Western motifs took root during the colonial era, as shown at Aitchison College.

Much of old Lahore features colonial-era buildings, such as the Tollinton Market.

Lahore's Lawrence Garden was laid in 1862.

The Orange Line is Pakistan's first metro rail line.

The Azadi Chowk is located near the Badshahi Mosque.

Lahore Canal during the spring Basant festival

University of Engineering and Technology, Main Block.

Pakistan playing against Argentina in 2005.

Gaddafi Stadium is one of the largest stadiums of Pakistan with a capacity of 27,000 spectators.

The capital would later be moved to Sialkot following Ghaznavid incursions.

Menander I

Greco-Bactrian and later Indo-Greek King (reigned c.165 /155 –130 BC) who administered a large territory in the Northwestern regions of the Indian Subcontinent from his capital at Sagala.

2. Silver drachm of Menander I (155-130 BC).
Obv: Greek legend, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΜΕΝΑΝΔΡΟΥ (BASILEOS SOTEROS MENANDROU) lit. "Of Saviour King Menander".
Rev: Kharosthi legend: MAHARAJASA TRATARASA MENAMDRASA "Saviour King Menander". Athena advancing right, with thunderbolt and shield. Taxila mint mark.

Another silver drachm of Menander I, dated circa 160-145 BC. Obverse: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΜΕΝΑΝΔΡΟΥ ('of King Menander the Saviour'), heroic bust of Menander, viewed from behind, head turned to left; Reverse: Athena standing right, brandishing thunderbolt and holding aegis, Karosthi legend around, monogram in field to left. Reference: Sear 7604.

Silver coin of Menander
Greek legend: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΜΕΝΑΝΔΡΟΥ
(BASILEOS SOTEROS MENANDROU)
lit. "Of Saviour King Menander". British Museum.

Indian-standard coinage of Menander I. Obv ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΜΕΝΑΝΔΡΟΥ "Of Saviour King Menander". Rev Palm of victory, Kharoshthi legend Māhārajasa trātadasa Menandrāsa, British Museum.

The Shinkot casket containing Buddhist relics was dedicated "in the reign of the Great King Menander".

The Bharhut Yavana. Indian relief of Menander, with the flowing head band of a Greek king, northern tunic with Hellenistic pleats, and Buddhist triratana symbol on his sword. Bharhut, 2nd century BC. Indian Museum, Calcutta.

The Butkara stupa as expanded during the reign of Menander I.

4. Silver coin of Menander, with Athena on reverse. British Museum.

Coin of Menander II. Greek legend: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΜΕΝΑΝΔΡΟΥ, "Of King Menander, the Just".

Comparison of the portraits of Menander I (left) and Menander II (right).

Coin of Strato I and Agathokleia.
Obv: Conjugate busts of Strato and Agathokleia. Greek legend: BASILEOS SOTEROS STRATONOS KAI AGATOKLEIAS "Of King Strato the Saviour and Agathokleia".
Rev: Athena throwing thunderbolt. Kharoshthi legend: MAHARAJASA TRATASARA DHARMIKASA STRATASA "King Strato, Saviour and Just (="of the Dharma")".

Vitarka Mudra gestures on Indo-Greek coinage. Top: Divinities Tyche and Zeus. Bottom: Depiction of Indo-Greek kings Nicias and Menander II.

Foreigners on the Northern Gateway of Stupa I, Sanchi. Satavahana period, 2nd or 1st century BC.

One of the first known representations of the Buddha, Gandhara.

Detail of Asia in the Ptolemy world map. The "Menander Mons" are in the center of the map, at the east of the Indian subcontinent, right above the Malaysian Peninsula.

Menander was born into a Greek family in a village called Kalasi adjacent to Alexandria of the Caucasus (present day Bagram, Afghanistan), although another source says he was born near Sagala (modern Sialkot in the Punjab, Pakistan).

Muhammad Iqbal

South Asian Muslim writer, philosopher, and politician, whose poetry in the Urdu language is considered among the greatest of the twentieth century, and whose vision of a cultural and political ideal for the Muslims of British-ruled India was to animate the impulse for Pakistan.