A report on Signal transduction
Process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response.
- Signal transduction59 related topics with Alpha
Second messenger system
10 linksSecond messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules—the first messengers.
Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules—the first messengers.
They are one of the triggers of intracellular signal transduction cascades.
Cell signaling
10 linksAbility of a cell to receive, process, and transmit signals with its environment and with itself.
Ability of a cell to receive, process, and transmit signals with its environment and with itself.
Signal transduction begins with the transformation (or transduction) of a signal into a chemical one, which can directly activate an ion channel (ligand-gated ion channel) or initiate a second messenger system cascade that propagates the signal through the cell.
Protein kinase
5 linksKinase which selectively modifies other proteins by covalently adding phosphates to them as opposed to kinases which modify lipids, carbohydrates, or other molecules.
Kinase which selectively modifies other proteins by covalently adding phosphates to them as opposed to kinases which modify lipids, carbohydrates, or other molecules.
Up to 30% of all human proteins may be modified by kinase activity, and kinases are known to regulate the majority of cellular pathways, especially those involved in signal transduction.
Cell surface receptor
3 linksCell surface receptors (membrane receptors, transmembrane receptors) are receptors that are embedded in the plasma membrane of cells.
Cell surface receptors (membrane receptors, transmembrane receptors) are receptors that are embedded in the plasma membrane of cells.
In the process of signal transduction, ligand binding affects a cascading chemical change through the cell membrane.
Integrin
2 linksIntegrins are transmembrane receptors that facilitate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion.
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that facilitate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion.
Upon ligand binding, integrins activate signal transduction pathways that mediate cellular signals such as regulation of the cell cycle, organization of the intracellular cytoskeleton, and movement of new receptors to the cell membrane.
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
3 linksSecond messenger important in many biological processes.
Second messenger important in many biological processes.
cAMP is a derivative of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms, conveying the cAMP-dependent pathway.
Biochemical cascade
1 linksSeries of chemical reactions that occur within a biological cell when initiated by a stimulus.
Series of chemical reactions that occur within a biological cell when initiated by a stimulus.
This stimulus, known as a first messenger, acts on a receptor that is transduced to the cell interior through second messengers which amplify the signal and transfer it to effector molecules, causing the cell to respond to the initial stimulus.
Cell adhesion
2 linksProcess by which cells interact and attach to neighbouring cells through specialised molecules of the cell surface.
Process by which cells interact and attach to neighbouring cells through specialised molecules of the cell surface.
Cell adhesion links cells in different ways and can be involved in signal transduction for cells to detect and respond to changes in the surroundings.
Inositol trisphosphate
3 linksInositol phosphate signaling molecule.
Inositol phosphate signaling molecule.
Together with diacylglycerol (DAG), IP3 is a second messenger molecule used in signal transduction in biological cells.
Post-translational modification
1 linksPost-translational modification (PTM) refers to the covalent and generally enzymatic modification of proteins following protein biosynthesis.
Post-translational modification (PTM) refers to the covalent and generally enzymatic modification of proteins following protein biosynthesis.
PTMs are important components in cell signaling, as for example when prohormones are converted to hormones.