Smartphone and Related Topics

OLED

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Light-emitting diode (LED) in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound that emits light in response to an electric current.

Schematic of a bilayer OLED: 1. Cathode (−), 2. Emissive Layer, 3. Emission of radiation, 4. Conductive layer, 5. Anode (+)

Alq3, commonly used in small molecule OLEDs

poly(p-phenylene vinylene), used in the first PLED

Ir(mppy)3, a phosphorescent dopant which emits green light.

a) Bottom-emitting and b) top-emitting OLED structures; c,d) Schematic diagrams based on bottom-emitting and top-emitting OLEDs with low and high contrast ratio, respectively.

Sony's Super Top Emission OLED technology enhances the color purity of emitted lights

Demonstration of a 4.1" prototype flexible display from Sony

Light-emitting polymer (LEP) display showing partial failure

Magnified image of the AMOLED screen on the Google Nexus One smartphone using the RGBG system of the PenTile Matrix Family.

A 3.8cm (1.5in) OLED display from a Creative ZEN V media player

OLED lighting in a shopping mall in Aachen, Germany

Sony XEL-1, the world's first OLED TV. (front)

OLEDs are used to create digital displays in devices such as television screens, computer monitors, and portable systems such as smartphones and handheld game consoles.

Gyroscope

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Device used for measuring or maintaining orientation and angular velocity.

A gyroscope in operation. Note the freedom of rotation in all three axes. The rotor will maintain its spin axis direction regardless of the orientation of the outer frame.

Diagram of a gyro wheel. Reaction arrows about the output axis (blue) correspond to forces applied about the input axis (green), and vice versa.

Gyroscope designed by Léon Foucault in 1852. Replica built by Dumoulin-Froment for the Exposition universelle in 1867. National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts museum, Paris.

A digital gyroscope module connected to an Arduino Uno board

Three-axis MEMS-based gyroscopes are also being used in portable electronic devices such as tablets, smartphones, and smartwatches.

Nokia X family

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The Nokia X family was a range of budget smartphones that was produced and marketed by Microsoft Mobile, originally introduced in February 2014 by Nokia.

HTC One (M8)

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The HTC One (M8) (also marketed as the all-new HTC One) is an Android or Windows smartphone manufactured and marketed by HTC.

Smart TV

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Traditional television set with integrated Internet and interactive Web 2.0 features, which allows users to stream music and videos, browse the internet, and view photos.

The software applications can be preloaded into the device or updated or installed on demand via an application store or marketplace, in a similar manner to how applications are integrated into modern smartphones.

Ericsson R380

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The Ericsson R380 is a GSM smartphone developed by Ericsson Mobile Communications.

BlackBerry Z10

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The BlackBerry Z10 is a high-end LTE touchscreen-based smartphone developed by BlackBerry, previously known as RIM.

Videotelephony

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Two-way or multipoint reception and transmission of audio and video signals by people in different locations for real time communication.

Videotelephony predicted to be in use by 2000, as envisioned in 1910 (artist's conception)

Multiple user videoconferencing first being demonstrated with Stanford Research Institute's NLS computer technology (1968)

Global Schoolhouse students communicating via CU-SeeMe, shown here with a video frame rate between 0.9 and 3 frames per second (1993)

The Kyocera VP-210 Visual Phone was the first commercial mobile videophone (1999).

Russian President Dmitry Medvedev attending the Singapore APEC summit, holding a videoconference with Rashid Nurgaliyev via a Tactical MXP, after an arms depot explosion in Russia (2009)

A modern Avaya Nortel 1535 IP model broadband videophone (2008), using VoIP

Dual display: An older Polycom VSX 7000 system and camera used for videoconferencing, with two displays for simultaneous broadcast from separate locations

A videoconference meeting facilitated by Google Hangouts

Deutsche Telekom T-View 100 ISDN-type videophone meant for home offices and small businesses, with a lens cover which can be rotated upward for privacy

The Tandberg E20 is an example of a SIP-only device. Such devices need to route calls through a Video Communication Server to be able to reach H.323 systems, a process known as "interworking" (2009).

A mobile video call between Sweden and Singapore made on a Sony Ericsson K800 (2007)

A Tandberg T3 high-resolution telepresence room in use (2008)

Indonesian and U.S. students participate in an educational videoconference (2010)

Video Interpreter sign used at VRS/VRI service locations

A deaf or hard-of-hearing person uses a Video Relay Service at his workplace to communicate with a hearing person in London (2007)

Dr. Heywood Floyd in the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey calls his daughter on Earth

More popular videotelephony technologies use the Internet rather than the traditional landline phone network, even though modern phone networks use digital packet protocols, and videotelephony software commonly runs on smartphones over digital radiotelephony networks.

Frank J. Canova

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Francis James Canova Jr. (born 23 December 1956) is an American electronics designer who originated the idea for the IBM Simon and has thus been described as the inventor of the smartphone.