A report on Sogdia
![Two Buddhist monks on a mural of the Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves near Turpan, Xinjiang, China, 9th century AD. Albert von Le Coq (1913) assumed the blue-eyed, red-haired monk was a Tocharian, modern scholarship however identified similar Caucasian figures of [[:File:BezeklikSogdianMerchants.jpg|the same cave temple]] (No. 9) as ethnic Sogdians, who were a minority in Turpan during the Tang Dynasty in 7th–8th century and Uyghur rule (9th–13th century).](https://hyperleap.com/images/7455a438e3084d6c625981bc15cdf2ab/200-7dc2255b7ed574d4e1f602b8805bf945.jpeg)
![Pranidhi scene, temple 9 (Cave 20) of the Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves, Turfan, Xinjiang, China, 9th century AD, with kneeling figures praying in front of the Buddha who Albert von Le Coq assumed were Persian people (German: "Perser"), noting their Caucasian features and green eyes, and comparing the hat of the man on the left (in the green coat) to headgear worn by Sasanian Persian princes. However, modern scholarship has identified [[:File:BezeklikSogdianMerchants.jpg|praṇidhi scenes of the same temple]] (No. 9) as depicting Sogdians, who inhabited Turfan as an ethnic minority during the phases of Tang Chinese (7th–8th century) and Uyghur rule (9th–13th century).](https://hyperleap.com/images/7455a438e3084d6c625981bc15cdf2ab/200-288d6506c3ae16f22975ae1d1e7b212e.jpg)
Ancient Iranian civilization between the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, and in present-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.
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Silk Road
45 linksNetwork of Eurasian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century.
Network of Eurasian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century.
For instance, Warwick Ball contends that the maritime spice trade with India and Arabia was far more consequential for the economy of the Roman Empire than the silk trade with China, which at sea was conducted mostly through India and on land was handled by numerous intermediaries such as the Sogdians.
Tang dynasty
28 linksImperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an interregnum between 690 and 705.
Imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an interregnum between 690 and 705.
An Lushan was a half-Sogdian, half-Turk Tang commander since 744, had experience fighting the Khitans of Manchuria with a victory in 744, yet most of his campaigns against the Khitans were unsuccessful.
Uzbekistan
22 linksDoubly landlocked country located in Central Asia.
Doubly landlocked country located in Central Asia.
The first recorded settlers in what is now Uzbekistan were Eastern Iranian nomads, known as Scythians, who founded kingdoms in Khwarazm (8th–6th centuries BC), Bactria (8th–6th centuries BC), Sogdia (8th–6th centuries BC), Fergana (3rd century BC – sixth century AD), and Margiana (3rd century BC – sixth century AD).
Samarkand
20 linksCity in southeastern Uzbekistan and among the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central Asia.
City in southeastern Uzbekistan and among the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central Asia.
By the time of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia, it was the capital of the Sogdian satrapy.
Tajikistan
21 linksLandlocked country in Central Asia.
Landlocked country in Central Asia.
Even though the Library of Congress's 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan found it difficult to definitively state the origins of the word "Tajik" because the term is "embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia," most scholars concluded that contemporary Tajiks are the descendants of ancient Eastern Iranian inhabitants of Central Asia, in particular, the Sogdians and the Bactrians, and possibly other groups, with an admixture of Western Iranian Persians and non-Iranian peoples.
Central Asia
21 linksSubregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.
Subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.
1000 and earlier) Central Asia was inhabited predominantly by Iranian peoples, populated by Eastern Iranian-speaking Bactrians, Sogdians, Chorasmians and the semi-nomadic Scythians and Dahae.
Bactria
26 linksAncient region in Central Asia.
Ancient region in Central Asia.
Alexander conquered Sogdiana.
Sasanian Empire
26 linksThe last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the.
The last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the.
Documents from Mt. Mogh talk about the presence of a Chinese general in the service of the king of Sogdiana at the time of the Arab invasions.
Iranian peoples
17 linksThe Iranian peoples or Iranic peoples are a diverse grouping of Indo-European peoples who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages and other cultural similarities.
The Iranian peoples or Iranic peoples are a diverse grouping of Indo-European peoples who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages and other cultural similarities.
![The Bistun Inscription of Darius the Great describes itself to have been composed in Arya [language or script].](https://hyperleap.com/images/ffbac954e20b7c177febf1e99a336f85/200-e5acd6109f8148da3d00519a250c1f7a.jpg)
The ancient Iranian peoples who emerged after the 1st millennium BCE include the Alans, the Bactrians, the Dahae, the Khwarazmians, the Massagetae, the Medes, the Parthians, the Persians, the Sagartians, the Sakas, the Sarmatians, the Scythians, the Sogdians, and likely the Cimmerians, among other Iranian-speaking peoples of Western Asia, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and the Eastern Steppe.
Han dynasty
19 linksImperial dynasty of China , established by Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu.
Imperial dynasty of China , established by Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu.
Zhang encountered Dayuan (Fergana), Kangju (Sogdiana), and Daxia (Bactria, formerly the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom); he also gathered information on Shendu (Indus River valley of North India) and Anxi (the Parthian Empire).