A report on South Australia and Southern Ocean

The Antarctic Ocean, as delineated by the draft 4th edition of the International Hydrographic Organization's Limits of Oceans and Seas (2002)

A general delineation of the Antarctic Convergence, sometimes used by scientists as the demarcation of the Southern Ocean

European settlers with Aboriginal Australians, 1850

The International Hydrographic Organization's delineation of the "Southern Ocean" has moved steadily southwards since the original 1928 edition of its Limits of Oceans and Seas.

Charles Sturt's expedition leaving Adelaide

"Southern Ocean" as alternative to the Aethiopian Ocean, 18th century

Nicolas Baudin, who mapped the coastline of South Australia, along with Matthew Flinders

Satellite image of eastern South Australia. Note the dry lakes (white patches) in the north.

Area inside the black line indicates the area constituting the Pacific Ocean prior to 2002; darker blue areas are its informal current borders following the recreation of the Southern Ocean and the reinclusion of marginal seas

The rugged coastline of Second Valley, located on the Fleurieu Peninsula

Continents and islands of the Southern Ocean

A map of Australia's official interpretation of the names and limits of oceans and seas around Australia

1564 Typus Orbis Terrarum, a map by Abraham Ortelius showed the imagined link between the proposed continent of Antarctica and South America.

Vineyard in Eden Valley. South Australia's wine industry is the largest in Australia.

Portrait of Edmund Halley by Godfrey Kneller (before 1721)

Flinders Medical Centre. Health care and social assistance is the largest ABS defined employment sector in South Australia.

"Terres Australes" (sic) label without any charted landmass

Wheat fields at Nuriootpa. Agriculture is a large industry for the state.

James Weddell's second expedition in 1823, depicting the brig and the cutter Beaufroy

Famous official portrait of Captain James Cook who proved that waters encompassed the southern latitudes of the globe. "He holds his own chart of the Southern Ocean on the table and his right hand points to the east coast of Australia on it."

Estimated resident population since 1981

USS Vincennes at Disappointment Bay, Antarctica in early 1840.

Adelaide is the largest metropolitan area in the state.

1911 South Polar Regions exploration map

Frank Hurley, As time wore on it became more and more evident that the ship was doomed ( trapped in pack ice), National Library of Australia.

South Australian cities, towns, settlements and road network

MS Explorer in Antarctica in January 1999. She sank on 23 November 2007 after hitting an iceberg.

Eyre Highway west of the Nullarbor, South Australia

Seas that are parts of the Southern Ocean

A ferry crossing the Murray River towards the town of Waikerie, South Australia

The Showdown, a local derby between South Australia's two AFL teams and

An iceberg being pushed out of a shipping lane by (L to R) USS Burton Island (AGB-1), USS Atka (AGB-3), and USS Glacier (AGB-4) near McMurdo Station, Antarctica, 1965

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is the strongest current system in the world oceans, linking the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific basins.

Orca (Orcinus orca) hunting a Weddell seal in the Southern Ocean

A wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) on South Georgia

Fish of the Notothenioidei suborder, such as this young icefish, are mostly restricted to the Antarctic and Subantarctic

Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) are the most southerly of Antarctic mammals.

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are a keystone species of the food web.

A female warty squid (Moroteuthis ingens)

An adult and sub-adult Minke whale are dragged aboard the Japanese whaling vessel

Severe cracks in an ice pier in use for four seasons at McMurdo Station slowed cargo operations in 1983 and proved a safety hazard.

The United Kingdom's South Australia Act 1834 described the waters forming the southern limit of the new province of South Australia as "the Southern Ocean".

- Southern Ocean

According to Australian maps, South Australia's south coast is flanked by the Southern Ocean, but official international consensus defines the Southern Ocean as extending north from the pole only to 60°S or 55°S, at least 17 degrees of latitude further south than the most southern point of South Australia.

- South Australia

6 related topics with Alpha

Victoria (Australia)

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State in southeastern Australia.

Swearing Allegiance to the Southern Cross at the Eureka Stockade on 1 December 1854 – watercolour by Charles Doudiet

The estimated resident population since 1981

Melbourne, the state capital, is home to more than three in four Victorians.

Chinatown, Melbourne. 2.7% of the Victorian population was born in China, 6.7% of the Victorian population is of Chinese ancestry, and 3.2% of the Victorian population speaks Mandarin at home

The Victorian Parliament House, built in 1856, stands in Spring Street, Melbourne. The building was intended to be finished with a dome, but was not completed due to budget constraints.

The Legislative Council Chamber, as photographed in 1878

One of many local government seats, Geelong Town Hall

Camberwell High School, a public secondary school in Victoria

The University of Melbourne, ranked as one of the best universities in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere, is Victoria's oldest university.

Victoria's stand at the Paris Exhibition Universal of 1867, showing bales of wool

Yallourn Power Station in the Latrobe Valley

A current Melbourne C 2 class (Citadis) and a D-class tram

Statue outside the Melbourne Cricket Ground commemorating the origins of Australian rules football

Panorama of the MCG during the AFL Grand Final on 30 September 2017

Island Archway on the Great Ocean Road in Victoria, Australia.

Victorian cities, towns, settlements and road network

Victoria is bordered with New South Wales to the north and South Australia to the west, and is bounded by the Bass Strait to the south (with the exception of a small land border with Tasmania located along Boundary Islet), the Great Australian Bight portion of the Southern Ocean to the southwest, and the Tasman Sea (a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean) to the southeast.

New South Wales

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State on the east coast of :Australia.

Founding of the settlement of Port Jackson at Botany Bay in New South Wales in 1788 – Thomas Gosse

Bernhardt Holtermann with 630 lb gold nugget unearthed in 1872 from the Star of Hope Mine, Hill End during the Gold Rush.

A Corner grocery store during the Great Depression, Riley & Fitzroy Streets, Surry Hills, Sydney, 21 August 1934.

The Sydney Opera House was completed in 1973 and has become a World Heritage Site.

Mount Wilson in the Blue Mountains during autumn

New South Wales Parliament House in Sydney; the oldest public building in Australia

The Sydney Grammar School, established in 1854, is the third oldest secondary school still in use in Sydney

The University of Sydney is Australia's oldest university and is often regarded as one of the world's leading universities

The Sydney Harbour Bridge is an important tourist attraction for New South Wales and a globally recognised image of Australia itself.

Port Kembla is notable for its steelworks industry, with many ships utilising the port.

Aerial view of mixed crops near Coolamon

Qantas A380 taking off at Sydney Airport

Three Sisters in the Blue Mountains National Park

The Bathurst 1000, held at Mount Panorama Circuit in Bathurst

The Palace Hotel in Broken Hill, the only town in Australia to be listed on the National Heritage List.

St Stanislaus' College is a secondary day and boarding school in Bathurst

It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south, and South Australia to the west.

During late winter, the coastal plain is relatively dry due to foehn winds that originate from the Great Dividing Range; the mountain range block the moist, westerly cold fronts that arrive from the Southern Ocean, whereby providing generally clear conditions on the leeward side.

Great Australian Bight

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Large oceanic bight, or open bay, off the central and western portions of the southern coastline of mainland Australia.

The Great Australian Bight south of the Nullarbor. Credit Jacques Descloitres, Visible Earth, NASA.

Great Australian Bight Marine Park, 2007

Cliff overlooking Commonwealth Marine Reserve

The AHS defines the bight with a smaller area, from Cape Pasley, Western Australia, to Cape Carnot, South Australia - a distance of 1160 km.

The AHS considers it to be part of the Southern Ocean, using the expanded Australian definition used for this ocean.

Western Australia

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State occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories.

Map first drawn in 1618 by Hessel Gerritsz showing the charted coast of Australia. Chartings after 1618, for example by François Thijssen in 1627, were added to the engraved plate between 1628 and 1632.

Melchisédech Thévenot's Hollandia Nova—Terre Australe in his travel anthology (Relations de divers voyages curieux) published in 1664, and which seems to be a copy of Archipelagus Orientalis sive Asiaticus by Joan Blaeu in the Atlas of the Great Elector (Atlas des Großen Kurfürsten) from 1659. The latitude staff depicted by Thévenot falls along the Zaragoza antimeridian from the Treaty of Zaragoza of 1529 between Castile and Portugal, and which complemented the Tordesillas meridian from the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494.

John Forrest was the first Premier of Western Australia.

Western Australian cities, towns, settlements and road network.

Köppen climate types in Western Australia

The black swan is the state bird of Western Australia

Ngaanyatjarra children, from the desert regions of Western Australia

Western Australia's capital and largest city, Perth. Its metropolitan area is home to 75% of the state's population.

Distribution of the Western Australian population (as density of SA1 census districts)

Brockman 4, an iron ore mine in the Pilbara

Western Australia's resource commodity mix, 2007

Camel rides are a popular tourist activity at Cable Beach in Broome

A 1933 meeting of the Dominion League in support of secession.

Seven West Media's Newspaper House, where The West Australian newspaper is produced

Matches between the two Western Australian teams, the West Coast Eagles and the Fremantle Dockers, are known as the Western Derby

It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, and the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east.

South Australia Act 1834

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Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, passed on 15 August 1834, with the long title "An Act to empower His Majesty to erect South Australia into a British Province or Provinces and to provide for the Colonization and Government thereof".

Also known as the South Australian Colonization Act, the Act provided for the settlement of a province or multiple provinces on the lands between 132 degrees east and 141 degrees of east longitude, and between the Southern Ocean, and 26 degrees south latitude, including the islands adjacent to the coastline.

The Act specifically provided for a limited independence of Government, whereby all laws made by the government in South Australia were to be presented to the King-in-Council in the United Kingdom.

Port Lincoln

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Statue of Makybe Diva by artist, Ken Martin, at Port Lincoln, South Australia

Port Lincoln is a town on the Lower Eyre Peninsula in the Australian state of South Australia.

Cold fronts cause periods of heavy rain and colder temperatures in winter, and violent storms can occasionally roll in from the southern ocean.