Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States
Case in which the Supreme Court of the United States found Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey guilty of monopolizing the petroleum industry through a series of abusive and anticompetitive actions.
- Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States44 related topics
John Marshall Harlan
American lawyer and politician who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1877 until his death in 1911.
He also wrote dissents in major cases such as Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. (1895), which struck down a federal income tax; United States v. E. C. Knight Co. (1895), which severely limited the power of the federal government to pursue antitrust actions; Lochner v. New York (1905), which invalidated a state law setting maximum working hours on the basis of substantive due process; and Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States (1911), which established the rule of reason.
ExxonMobil
American multinational oil and gas corporation headquartered in Irving, Texas.
By 1911, with public outcry at a climax, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States that Standard Oil must be dissolved and split into 34 companies.
Standard Oil
American oil production, transportation, refining, and marketing company that operated from 1870 to 1911.
Its history as one of the world's first and largest multinational corporations ended in 1911, when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that it was an illegal monopoly.
Supreme Court of the United States
Highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States.
Under the White and Taft Courts (1910–1930), the court held that the Fourteenth Amendment had incorporated some guarantees of the Bill of Rights against the states (Gitlow v. New York), grappled with the new antitrust statutes (Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States), upheld the constitutionality of military conscription (Selective Draft Law Cases), and brought the substantive due process doctrine to its first apogee (Adkins v. Children's Hospital).
Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
United States antitrust law which prescribes the rule of free competition among those engaged in commerce.
At Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States, 221 U. S. 1, 221 U. S. 54-58.
Rule of reason
Legal doctrine used to interpret the Sherman Antitrust Act, one of the cornerstones of United States antitrust law.
William Howard Taft, then Chief Judge of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, first developed the doctrine in a ruling on Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. v. United States, which was affirmed in 1899 by the Supreme Court. The doctrine also played a major role in the 1911 Supreme Court case Standard Oil Company of New Jersey v. United States.
United States v. American Tobacco Co.
Decision by the United States Supreme Court, which held that the combination in this case is one in restraint of trade and an attempt to monopolize the business of tobacco in interstate commerce within the prohibitions of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890.
The Supreme Court ordered the company to dissolve in 1911 on the same day that it ordered the Standard Oil Trust to dissolve.
The History of the Standard Oil Company
1904 book by journalist Ida Tarbell.
The subsequent decision splintered the company into 34 "baby Standards."
Federal Trade Commission
Independent agency of the United States government whose principal mission is the enforcement of civil (non-criminal) U.S. antitrust law and the promotion of consumer protection.
Following the Supreme Court decisions against Standard Oil and American Tobacco in May 1911, the first version of a bill to establish a commission to regulate interstate trade was introduced on January 25, 1912, by Oklahoma congressman Dick Thompson Morgan.
John D. Rockefeller
American business magnate and philanthropist.
The Supreme Court ruled in 1911 that Standard Oil must be dismantled for violation of federal antitrust laws.