Streaming television and Related Topics

Live streaming service at zoo by Niconico

Streaming media

Multimedia that is delivered and consumed in a continuous manner from a source, with little or no intermediate storage in network elements.

As music streaming platforms have become more prevalent in the U.S., music piracy rates have fallen. Piracy rates are calculated as a function of U.S. total population. This data was sourced from the Digital Media Association's (DiMA) annual report from March 2018.

Unicast connections require multiple connections from the same streaming server even when it streams the same content.

Multicasting broadcasts the same copy of the multimedia over the entire network to a group of clients

Streaming is most prevalent in video on demand and streaming television services.

Internet

Global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices.

ICANN headquarters in the Playa Vista neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States.

2007 map showing submarine fiberoptic telecommunication cables around the world.

Packet routing across the Internet involves several tiers of Internet service providers.

Number of mobile cellular subscriptions 2012–2016

As user data is processed through the protocol stack, each abstraction layer adds encapsulation information at the sending host. Data is transmitted over the wire at the link level between hosts and routers. Encapsulation is removed by the receiving host. Intermediate relays update link encapsulation at each hop, and inspect the IP layer for routing purposes.

Conceptual data flow in a simple network topology of two hosts (A and B) connected by a link between their respective routers. The application on each host executes read and write operations as if the processes were directly connected to each other by some kind of data pipe. After the establishment of this pipe, most details of the communication are hidden from each process, as the underlying principles of communication are implemented in the lower protocol layers. In analogy, at the transport layer the communication appears as host-to-host, without knowledge of the application data structures and the connecting routers, while at the internetworking layer, individual network boundaries are traversed at each router.

A DNS resolver consults three name servers to resolve the domain name user-visible "www.wikipedia.org" to determine the IPV4 Address 207.142.131.234

Creating a subnet by dividing the host identifier

This NeXT Computer was used by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN and became the world's first Web server.

Share of population using the Internet. See or edit source data.

Internet users per 100 population members and GDP per capita for selected countries.

Internet users per 100 inhabitants Source: International Telecommunication Union.

Internet users in 2015 as a percentage of a country's population Source: International Telecommunication Union.

'''Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions in 2012
as a percentage of a country's population''' Source: International Telecommunication Union.

'''Mobile broadband Internet subscriptions in 2012
as a percentage of a country's population''' Source: International Telecommunication Union.

Banner in Bangkok during the 2014 Thai coup d'état, informing the Thai public that 'like' or 'share' activities on social media could result in imprisonment (observed 30 June 2014).

Internet users by language<ref name=NIUBL-IWS>{{cite web|url=http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats7.htm|title=Number of Internet Users by Language|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426122721/http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats7.htm|archive-date=26 April 2012|website=Internet World Stats, Miniwatts Marketing Group|date=31 May 2011|access-date=22 April 2012}}</ref>

$Website content languages<ref name=UofCLBWApril2013>{{cite web|title=Usage of content languages for websites|url=http://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/content_language/all|work=W3Techs.com|access-date=26 April 2013|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/66ZQzUXh6?url=http://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/content_language/all|archive-date=31 March 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>$

Most traditional communication media, including telephony, radio, television, paper mail and newspapers are reshaped, redefined, or even bypassed by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as email, Internet telephony, Internet television, online music, digital newspapers, and video streaming websites.

Satellite television

Service that delivers television programming to viewers by relaying it from a communications satellite orbiting the Earth directly to the viewer's location.

DBS satellite dishes installed on an apartment complex.

A C-band satellite dish used by TVRO systems.

Satellite TV is being affected by the cord-cutting trend where people are shifting towards internet based streaming television.

Netflix

Marc Randolph, co-founder of Netflix and the first CEO of the company

Reed Hastings, co-founder and the current chairman and CEO

Availability of Netflix, as of March 2022:

Netflix advertising at Thong Lo BTS station, Bangkok

Netflix's booth at the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con

Ted Sarandos, longtime CCO and named co-CEO in 2020

An Aquos remote control with a Netflix button

Netflix Los Angeles offices at 5808 W Sunset Blvd.

Netflix, Inc. is an American subscription streaming service and production company.

Television

Telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images and sound.

The Nipkow disk. This schematic shows the circular paths traced by the holes that may also be square for greater precision. The area of the disk outlined in black displays the region scanned.

Baird in 1925 with his televisor equipment and dummies "James" and "Stooky Bill" (right)

Vladimir Zworykin demonstrates electronic television (1929)

Ad for the beginning of experimental television broadcasting in New York City by RCA in 1939

Indian-head test pattern used during the black-and-white era before 1970. It was displayed when a television station first signed on every day.

Color bars used in a test pattern, sometimes used when no program material is available.

A modern high gain UHF Yagi television antenna. It has 17 directors, and one reflector (made of 4 rods) shaped as a corner reflector.

Coaxial cable is used to carry cable television signals into cathode-ray tube and flat panel television sets.

RCA 630-TS, the first mass-produced television set, which sold in 1946–1947

A 14-inch cathode-ray tube showing its deflection coils and electron guns

The Christie Mirage 5000, a 2001 DLP projector.

A generic LCD TV, with speakers on either side of the screen.

Comparison of 8K UHDTV, 4K UHDTV, HDTV and SDTV resolution

Television sets per 1000 people of the world

Television was still in its experimental phase in 1928, but the medium's potential to sell goods was already predicted.

American family watching television, circa 1958

Since 2010, with the invention of smart television, Internet television has increased the availability of television programs and movies via the Internet through streaming video services such as Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, iPlayer and Hulu.

Smart TV

Traditional television set with integrated Internet and interactive Web 2.0 features, which allows users to stream music and videos, browse the internet, and view photos.

Besides the traditional functions of television sets provided through traditional broadcasting media, these devices can provide access to over-the-top media services such as streaming television and internet radio, along with home networking access.

Page from a screenplay, showing dialogue and action descriptions, as well as scene cuts

Web series

Series of scripted or non-scripted online videos, generally in episodic form, released on the Internet, which first emerged in the late 1990s and became more prominent in the early 2000s.

They are different from streaming television, which can be watched on various streaming platforms.

Primetime Emmy Awards

The Primetime Emmy Awards are bestowed by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS) in recognition of excellence in American primetime television programming.

For streaming television programs, they must be available for downloading or streaming to more than 50 percent of the country, and like shows in syndication they can only enter in one of the national Emmy competitions.

Daytime Emmy Awards

American accolade bestowed by the New York–based National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences in recognition of excellence in American daytime television programming.

In 2013, in response to All My Children being moved from broadcast to streaming television, NATAS began accepting nominations to web-only series.

Internet Protocol television

Delivery of television content over Internet Protocol (IP) networks.

Bandwidth capacity for simultaneously two HDTV streams, two SD streams, additional to HSD and voice

Although IPTV uses the Internet protocol it is not limited to television streamed from the Internet (Internet television).