Sulfate

Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many are prepared from that acid. The sulfate ion carries an overall charge of −2 and it is the conjugate base of the bisulfate (or hydrogen sulfate) ion, which is in turn the conjugate base of, sulfuric acid.

Sulfuric acid (alternative spelling sulphuric acid), also known as vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen and hydrogen, with molecular formula H 2 SO 4.

Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many are prepared from that acid.

These component ions can be inorganic, such as chloride (Cl − ), or organic, such as acetate ; and can be monatomic, such as fluoride (F − ) or polyatomic, such as sulfate.

The sulfate or sulphate (see spelling differences) ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula.

For example, the conjugate base of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) is the polyatomic hydrogen sulfate anion (HSO4-).

Organic sulfate esters, such as dimethyl sulfate, are covalent compounds and esters of sulfuric acid.

The SO 4 core is a sulfate group and the R group is any organic residue.

Organic sulfate esters, such as dimethyl sulfate, are covalent compounds and esters of sulfuric acid.

As the diester of methanol and sulfuric acid, its formula is often written as (CH 3 ) 2 SO 4 or even Me 2 SO 4, where CH 3 or Me is methyl.

The sulfate anion consists of a central sulfur atom surrounded by four equivalent oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement.

Sulfur trioxide and sulfates are related to sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ).

The sulfur atom is in the +6 oxidation state while the four oxygen atoms are each in the −2 state.

Consider the sulfate anion ( with 32 valence electrons; 24 from oxygens, 6 from sulfur, 2 of the anion charge obtained from the implied cation).

The tetrahedral molecular geometry of the sulfate ion is as predicted by VSEPR theory.

Often tetrahedral molecules feature multiple bonding to the outer ligands, as in xenon tetroxide (XeO 4 ), the perchlorate ion, the sulfate ion, the phosphate ion.

Depending on the conditions, the oxidation can produce elemental sulfur, polysulfides, polythionates, sulfite, or sulfate.

Exceptions include calcium sulfate, strontium sulfate, lead(II) sulfate, and barium sulfate, which are poorly soluble.

Barium sulfate (or sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula BaSO 4.

The sulfate or sulphate (see spelling differences) ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula.

The sulfate or sulphate (see spelling differences) ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula.

Polyhalite is an evaporite mineral, a hydrated sulfate of potassium, calcium and magnesium with formula: K 2 Ca 2 Mg(SO 4 ) 4 ·2H 2 O. Polyhalite crystallizes in the triclinic system, although crystals are very rare.

The sulfate ion carries an overall charge of −2 and it is the conjugate base of the bisulfate (or hydrogen sulfate) ion, which is in turn the conjugate base of, sulfuric acid.

Green vitriol is iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate, FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O; blue vitriol is copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O and white vitriol is zinc sulfate heptahydrate, ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O. Alum, a double sulfate of potassium and aluminium with the formula K 2 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 4 ·24H 2 O, figured in the development of the chemical industry.

Iron(II) sulfate (British English: iron(II) sulphate) or ferrous sulfate denotes a range of salts with the formula FeSO 4 ·xH 2 O. These compounds exist most commonly as the heptahydrate (x = 7) but are known for several values of x.

The tetrahedral molecular geometry of the sulfate ion is as predicted by VSEPR theory.

Green vitriol is iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate, FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O; blue vitriol is copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O and white vitriol is zinc sulfate heptahydrate, ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O. Alum, a double sulfate of potassium and aluminium with the formula K 2 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 4 ·24H 2 O, figured in the development of the chemical industry.

Copper(II) sulfate, also known as copper sulphate, are the inorganic compounds with the chemical formula CuSO 4 (H 2 O) x, where x can range from 0 to 5.

Green vitriol is iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate, FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O; blue vitriol is copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O and white vitriol is zinc sulfate heptahydrate, ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O. Alum, a double sulfate of potassium and aluminium with the formula K 2 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 4 ·24H 2 O, figured in the development of the chemical industry.

An alum is a type of chemical compound, usually a hydrated double sulfate salt of aluminium with the general formula, where X is a monovalent cation such as potassium or ammonium.

Green vitriol is iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate, FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O; blue vitriol is copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O and white vitriol is zinc sulfate heptahydrate, ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O. Alum, a double sulfate of potassium and aluminium with the formula K 2 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 4 ·24H 2 O, figured in the development of the chemical industry.

The oxides and sulfates are the most useful compounds of aluminium.

The barium derivative is useful in the gravimetric analysis of sulfate: if one adds a solution of, perhaps, barium chloride to a solution containing sulfate ions, the appearance of a white precipitate, which is barium sulfate, indicates that sulfate anions are present.

Its solutions react with sulfate ion to produce a thick white precipitate of barium sulfate.

Sulfates occur as microscopic particles (aerosols) resulting from fossil fuel and biomass combustion.

Sea salt is considered the second-largest contributor in the global aerosol budget, and consists mainly of sodium chloride originated from sea spray; other constituents of atmospheric sea salt reflect the composition of sea water, and thus include magnesium, sulfate, calcium, potassium, etc. In addition, sea spray aerosols may contain organic compounds, which influence their chemistry.

Green vitriol is iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate, FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O; blue vitriol is copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O and white vitriol is zinc sulfate heptahydrate, ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O. Alum, a double sulfate of potassium and aluminium with the formula K 2 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 4 ·24H 2 O, figured in the development of the chemical industry.

It has the formula ZnSO 4 as well as any of three hydrates.

Many examples of ionic sulfates are known, and many of these are highly soluble in water.

In agriculture, magnesium sulfate is used to increase magnesium or sulfur content in soil.

An example of a salt containing the group is sodium bisulfate, NaHSO 4.

Sodium bisulfate, also known as sodium hydrogen sulfate, is the sodium salt of the bisulfate anion, with the molecular formula NaHSO 4.