A report on Suriname

Maroon village, along Suriname River, 1955
Presidential Palace of Suriname
Waterfront houses in Paramaribo, 1955
Javanese immigrants brought as contract workers from the Dutch East Indies. Picture was taken between 1880 and 1900.
Henck Arron, Beatrix and Johan Ferrier on 25 November 1975
National Assembly
Court of Justice
Map of Suriname
Districts of Suriname
Brokopondo Reservoir surrounded by tropical rainforest
The Coppename river, one of many rivers in the interior
Leatherback sea turtle on the beach near the village of Galibi
Disputed areas shown on the map of Suriname (left and right, gray areas)
Suriname map of Köppen climate classification
The blue poison dart frog is endemic to Suriname.
A proportional representation of Suriname exports, 2019
Ministry of Finance
The population of Suriname from 1961 to 2003, in units of 1000. The slowdown and decline in population growth ~1969–1985 reflects a mass migration to the Netherlands and French Guiana.
Immigrants from India
Synagogue and mosque adjacent to each other in Paramaribo
Butcher in the Central Market in Paramaribo with signs written in Dutch
Pagara (red firecracker ribbons)
Central Suriname Nature Reserve seen from the Voltzberg
The Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul in Paramaribo

Country on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America.

- Suriname

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Overall

French Guiana

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Overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France on the northern Atlantic coast of South America in the Guianas.

Overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France on the northern Atlantic coast of South America in the Guianas.

View from Salvation Islands
Map of northern South America showing the extent of the Guyanas region
Following the Portuguese conquest of French Guiana in 1809, João Severiano Maciel da Costa served as its only governor until 1817.
French Guiana, c. 1930
Geographic map of French Guiana in 2009. Note: this map does not show the international Oyapock River Bridge which connects Saint-Georges-de-l'Oyapock (France) and Oiapoque (Brazil) and has been open to car traffic since March 2017. The new asphalted road between Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni and Apatou, which was completed in 2010, does not appear on the map either.
Köppen climate classification of French Guiana
Ile du Diable seen from Ile Royale
Guiana Amazonian Park
The grey-winged trumpeter, a species of bird commonly found in the region
An Ariane 5 rocket being processed at the Guiana Space Centre; the launch site is estimated to account for as much as 16% of French Guiana's GDP
Carnival of Kourou
Fresh market of Hmong Cacao village
Daily life in the Wayana village of Antecume Pata
Cayenne Cathedral. Most inhabitants of French Guiana are Catholic.
Map of the European Union in the world with overseas countries and territories and outermost regions, as of 2019
Cayenne City Hall
Oyapock River Bridge
The Railway section of the Tiger Camp. Saint-Laurent to Saint-Jean-du-Maroni Railway (Prison Administration circa 1905).
Cayenne Airport
An Agglo bus, public transport, in the city of Cayenne, French Guiana
Headquarters of the 9th Marine Infantry Regiment (9e RIMa) in Cayenne
French Guiana Prefecture Building, in Cayenne
Subprefecture of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni
Thémire house, Creole style, in Cayenne
Group parades during the Great Night Parade of Cayenne
Horses of air and light at the Big Parade of the Litoral, in Kourou
Touloulous in Cayenne streets in 2007
Atipa in coconut milk, typical dish of Guiana cuisine
Countess (cake)
Bottle of Belle Cabresse 50°(rhum agricole)
Georges-Chaumet Stadium, French Guiana
Kevin Séraphin, ex NBA player

It borders Brazil to the east and south and Suriname to the west.

Guyana

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Country on the northern mainland of South America.

Country on the northern mainland of South America.

Kaieteur Falls is the world's largest single-drop waterfall by volume.
Rupununi Savannah
Satellite image of Guyana from 2004
Anomaloglossus beebei (Kaieteur), specific to the Guianas
The hoatzin is the national bird of Guyana.
A tractor in a rice field on Guyana's coastal plain
A proportional representation of Guyana exports, 2019
Thatched roof houses in Guyana
Guyana's population density in 2005 (people per km2)
A graph showing the population of Guyana from 1961 to 2003. The population decline in the 1980s can be clearly seen.
The State House, Guyana's presidential residence
The Supreme Court of Guyana
Guyana's parliament building since 1834
Map of Guyana, showing the Essequibo River and (shaded dark) the river's drainage basin. Venezuela claims territory up to the western bank of the river. The historical claim by the UK included the river basin well into current-day Venezuela.
Cross-border bridge from Guyana to Brazil near Lethem
St George's Cathedral, Georgetown
Providence Stadium as seen from the East Bank Highway

Guyana is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Brazil to the south and southwest, Venezuela to the west, and Suriname to the east.

Paramaribo

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1830s lithograph of the market
Colonial style houses, Waterkant, Paramaribo
View of Paramaribo from space
Ressorten of the Paramaribo district.
Presidential Palace of Suriname
Arya Dewaker temple
Paramaribo's Neveh Shalom Synagogue
Helstone Monument
The National Assembly of Suriname
Paramaribo around 1737.
Paramaribo in 1821. Indicated in brown is the area devastated by the city fire of that year.
Paramaribo around 1876.
Paramaribo around 1916-1917

Paramaribo (nicknamed Par'bo) is the capital and largest city of Suriname, located on the banks of the Suriname River in the Paramaribo District.

Caribbean

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Region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts.

Region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts.

Map of Caribbean region, including dependencies
Map of the Caribbean
A Cuban PT-76 tank crew performing routine security duties in Angola during the Cuban intervention into the country
Tropical monsoon climate in San Andrés island, Caribbean, Colombia.
Köppen climate map of the islands of the Caribbean.
A field in Pinar del Rio planted with Cuban tobacco
Puerto Rico's south shore, from the mountains of Jayuya
Grand Anse beach, St. George's, Grenada
A church cemetery perched in the mountains of Guadeloupe
A view of Nevis island from the southeastern peninsula of Saint Kitts
Spanish Caribbean Islands in the American Viceroyalties 1600
Political evolution of Central America and the Caribbean from 1700 to present
The mostly Spanish-controlled Caribbean in the 16th century
Cayo de Agua, Los Roques Archipelago, Venezuela
Palancar Beach in Cozumel Island, Mexico
Guanaja Island, Bay Islands, Honduras
A linen market in Dominica in the 1770s
Agostino Brunias. Free Women of Color with Their Children and Servants in a Landscape Brooklyn Museum
Asian Indians in the late nineteenth century singing and dancing in Trinidad and Tobago
Street scene, Matanzas, Cuba
Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago
Havana Cathedral (Catholic) in Cuba completed in 1777
Holy Trinity Cathedral, an Anglican Christian cathedral in Trinidad and Tobago
Temple in the Sea, a Hindu mandir in Trinidad and Tobago
Muhammad Ali Jinnah Memorial Masjid, a Muslim masjid in Trinidad and Tobago
A Jewish synagogue in Suriname
A Haitian Vodou alter
Flag of the Caribbean Common Market and Community (CARICOM)
Doubles, one of the national dishes of Trinidad and Tobago
Arroz con gandules, one of the national dishes of Puerto Rico
thumb|Counter-attack by Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces supported by T-34 tanks near Playa Giron during the Bay of Pigs Invasion, 19 April 1961.
thumb|A Marine heavy machine gunner monitors a position along the international neutral corridor in Santo Domingo, 1965.
thumb|A Soviet-made BTR-60 armored personnel carrier seized by US forces during Operation Urgent Fury (1983)
thumb|US Army Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk, Bell AH-1 Cobra and Bell OH-58 Kiowa helicopters on deck of the US Navy aircraft carrier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN-69) off Haiti, 1994.
Epiphytes (bromeliads, climbing palms) in the rainforest of Dominica.
A green and black poison frog, Dendrobates auratus
Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Guadeloupe.
Costus speciosus, a marsh plant, Guadeloupe.
An Atlantic ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata) in Martinique.
Crescentia cujete, or calabash fruit, Martinique.
Thalassoma bifasciatum (bluehead wrasse fish), over Bispira brunnea (social feather duster worms).
Two Stenopus hispidus (banded cleaner shrimp) on a Xestospongia muta (giant barrel sponge).
A pair of Cyphoma signatum (fingerprint cowry), off coastal Haiti.
The Martinique amazon, Amazona martinicana, is an extinct species of parrot in the family Psittacidae.
Anastrepha suspensa, a Caribbean fruit fly.
Hemidactylus mabouia, a tropical gecko, in Dominica Edited by: Taniya Brooks.
Precolombian languages of the Antilles.Ciboney Taíno, Classic Taíno, and Iñeri were Arawakan, Karina and Yao were Cariban. Macorix, Ciguayo and Guanahatabey are unclassified.
The Battle of the Saintes between British and French fleets in 1782, by Nicholas Pocock
The mostly Spanish-controlled Caribbean in the 18th century

On the mainland, Belize, Nicaragua, the Caribbean region of Colombia, Cozumel, the Yucatán Peninsula, Margarita Island, and the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Guayana Region in Venezuela, and Amapá in Brazil) are often included due to their political and cultural ties with the region.

Official portrait, 2010

Dési Bouterse

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Official portrait, 2010
Bouterse as the Commander of the Armed Forces in 1985
Thousands of people in Paramaribo conduct a silent march on 10 April 2012 against the amnesty law
Moiwana massacre victims

Desiré Delano "Dési" Bouterse (born 13 October 1945) is a Surinamese military officer, politician, convicted murderer and drug trafficker who served as President of Suriname from 2010 to 2020.

Map of the pre-Roman Iron Age in Northern Europe culture(s) associated with the Proto-Germanic language, ca 500–50 BCE. The area south of Scandinavia is the Jastorf culture.

Dutch language

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West Germanic language spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million people as a second language, constituting most of the population of the Netherlands (where it is the only official language countrywide) and about 60% of the population of Belgium (as one of three official languages).

West Germanic language spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million people as a second language, constituting most of the population of the Netherlands (where it is the only official language countrywide) and about 60% of the population of Belgium (as one of three official languages).

Map of the pre-Roman Iron Age in Northern Europe culture(s) associated with the Proto-Germanic language, ca 500–50 BCE. The area south of Scandinavia is the Jastorf culture.
Area in which Old Dutch was spoken
The Utrecht baptismal vow
Title page of the Statenvertaling (1637) reads: Biblia ... Uyt de Oorspronckelijcke talen in onse Neder-landtsche tale getrouwelijck over-geset. (English: From the Original languages into our Dutch language faithfully translated.
The location of Suriname in South America
The Dutch Caribbean at both ends of the Lesser Antilles, lining the Caribbean Sea
Standard Dutch used in a 1916 ad in South Africa before Afrikaans replaced Dutch for use in media
The distribution of Afrikaans across South Africa: proportion of the population speaking Afrikaans at home
The 27-letter compound hemelwaterinfiltratiegebied (rainwater infiltration area) on a traffic sign in Zwolle, Netherlands
Dutch uses the digraph IJ as a single letter and it can be seen in several variations. Here, a marking saying ("line/route" + "bus"; the tram lane also serves as bus road).
The distribution of the primary Germanic languages in Europe in around AD 1:
North Germanic
North Sea Germanic, or Ingvaeonic
Weser-Rhine Germanic, or Istvaeonic
Elbe Germanic, or Irminonic
East Germanic
Lighter-colored areas denote areas of either mixed settlement, such as between East-Germanic and Balto-Slavic peoples, or possible settlement, such as the Istvaeones within the Roman Empire or the Ingvaenes in Northern Denmark.

Outside the Low Countries, it is the native language of the majority of the population of Suriname where it also holds an official status, as it does in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten, which are constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and are located in the Caribbean.

An 18th century illustration of a Maroon

Maroons

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Maroons are descendants of Africans in the Americas who formed settlements away from slavery.

Maroons are descendants of Africans in the Americas who formed settlements away from slavery.

An 18th century illustration of a Maroon
Ndyuka man bringing the body of a child before a shaman. Suriname, 1955
Maroons surprised by dogs (1893) (Brussels) by Louis Samain.
1801 aquatint of a maroon raid on the Dromilly estate, Jamaica, during the Second Maroon War of 1795–6.
Maroon flag in Freetown, Sierra Leone
Maroon village, Suriname River, 1955
Maroon men in Suriname, picture taken between 1910 and 1935

In the plantation colony of Suriname, which England ceded to the Netherlands in the Treaty of Breda (1667), escaped slaves revolted and started to build their villages from the end of the 17th century.

Brunswijk during his inauguration as Vice President of Suriname, 2020

Ronnie Brunswijk

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Brunswijk during his inauguration as Vice President of Suriname, 2020
Brunswijk in 2011

Ronnie Brunswijk (born 7 March 1961) is a Surinamese politician, businessman, footballer, convicted drug trafficker, former rebel leader, and the current Vice President of Suriname.

Kalina people

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Indigenous people native to the northern coastal areas of South America.

Indigenous people native to the northern coastal areas of South America.

Map indicating the current geographic distribution of the Kali'na population
Drawing of a Kali'na ritual.
200px
Kali'na man in Paris in 1892 holding a putu, or wooden club.
Portrait of the Kali'na exhibited at the Jardin d’Acclimatation in Paris in 1892.
Kali'na girls in Suriname in the village of Bigi Poika.
Kali'na village.
Kali'na boy in a dugout in Paris in 1892.

Today, the Kalina live largely in villages on the rivers and coasts of Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazil.

Map of the Suriname River in 1877 by G.P.H. Zimmerman.

Suriname River

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Map of the Suriname River in 1877 by G.P.H. Zimmerman.
Dugout canoes at Maroon village, Suriname River, 1955
Suriname River at Leonsberg, Paramaribo
Hardwood logs transported down Suriname River in 1955
Looking downstream at White Beach

The Suriname River (Dutch: Surinamerivier) is 480 km long and flows through the country Suriname.