A report on Turkey

Some henges at Göbekli Tepe were erected as far back as 9600 BC, predating those of Stonehenge, England, by over seven millennia.

The Great Seljuk Empire in 1092, upon the death of Malik Shah I

The Second Ottoman Siege of Vienna in 1683 (the First Siege was in 1529) initiated the Great Turkish War (1683–1699) between the Ottomans and a Holy League of European states.

Armenian civilians being deported during the Armenian genocide

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder and first President of the Turkish Republic, with the Liberal Republican Party leader Fethi Okyar (right) and Okyar's daughter in Yalova, 13 August 1930.

Eighteen female deputies joined the Turkish Parliament with the 1935 general elections. Turkish women gained the right to vote and to hold elected office as a mark of the far-reaching social changes initiated by Atatürk.

Roosevelt, İnönü and Churchill at the Second Cairo Conference, 1943.

Anıtkabir, the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Ankara, is visited by large crowds every year during national holidays, such as Republic Day on 29 October.

Istanbul Çağlayan Justice Palace is a courthouse in the Şişli district of Istanbul.

After becoming one of the early members of the Council of Europe in 1950, Turkey became an associate member of the EEC in 1963, joined the EU Customs Union in 1995 and started full membership negotiations with the European Union in 2005.

The Turkish Armed Forces collectively rank as the second-largest standing military force in NATO, after the US Armed Forces. Turkey joined the alliance in 1952.

The 2015 G20 Summit held in Antalya, Turkey, a founding member of the OECD (1961) and G20 (1999).

TAI Anka and Bayraktar TB2 are the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) used by the Turkish Armed Forces.

TCG Anadolu (L-400) is an amphibious assault ship-aircraft carrier developed for the Turkish Navy

Feminist demonstration in Kadıköy, Istanbul on 29 July 2017

Turkish journalists protesting the imprisonment of their colleagues on Human Rights Day in 2016.

Istanbul Pride organized in 2003 for the first time. Since 2015, parades in Istanbul were denied permission by the government. The denials were based on security concerns, but critics claimed the bans were ideological. Despite the refusal hundreds of people defied the ban each year.

Sumela Monastery in the Pontic Mountains, which form an ecoregion with diverse temperate rainforest types, flora and fauna in northern Anatolia.

A white Turkish Angora cat with odd eyes (heterochromia), which is common among the Angoras.

Istanbul is the largest city and financial centre of Turkey.

A proportional representation of Turkey's exports, 2019

Istanbul Airport main terminal building has an annual passenger capacity of 90 million and making it the world's largest airport terminal building under a single roof.

A TCDD HT80000 high-speed train of the Turkish State Railways

Göktürk-1, Göktürk-2 and Göktürk-3 are the Earth observation satellites of the Turkish Ministry of National Defense, while state-owned Türksat operates the Türksat series of communications satellites.

Total fertility rate in Turkey by province (2021)

CIA map of areas with a Kurdish majority

Sancaklar Mosque is a contemporary mosque in Istanbul

The Church of St. Anthony of Padua on İstiklal Avenue, in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul. There are 234 active churches in the city.

Istanbul Technical University is the world's third-oldest technical university.

Istanbul University was founded in 1453 as a Darülfünûn. On 1 August 1933 it was reorganised and became the Republic's first university.

Acıbadem Hospital in Altunizade neighborhood of Üsküdar, İstanbul

Ortaköy Mosque is a good example of the Westernisation of Islamic-Ottoman architecture. Many Baroque architecture elements can be seen in it.

Ottoman miniature which can be linked to the Persian miniature tradition, as well as strong Chinese artistic influences.

Namık Kemal's works had a profound influence on Atatürk and other Turkish statesmen who established the Turkish Republic.

Nobel-laureate Turkish novelist Orhan Pamuk and his Turkish Angora cat at his personal writing space

Süreyya Opera House is situated in the Asian side of Istanbul and Atatürk Cultural Center is the main Opera House in the European side of the city.

Referred to as Süperstar by the Turkish media, Ajda Pekkan is a prominent figure of Turkish pop music, with a career spanning decades and a repertoire of diverse musical styles.

Barış Manço was a Turkish rock musician and one of the founders of the Anatolian rock genre.

Turkey won the silver medal at the 2010 FIBA World Championship.

VakıfBank S.K. has won the FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship in 2017 and 2018, and the 2017–18 CEV Women's Champions League for the fourth time in their history.

TRT World is the international news platform of the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation.

The closing ceremony of the annual International Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival takes place at the Aspendos amphitheatre.

Transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe.

- Turkey

614 related topics with Alpha

Republican People's Party

20 links

Kemalist and social-democratic political party in Turkey which currently stands as the main opposition party.

Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu during the 2017 March for Justice

Party's performance in the 2019 Turkish local elections by province.

Party headquarters in Ankara, showing a banner urging a "no" vote in the 2017 referendum on establishing a presidential system.

It is also the oldest political party in Turkey, founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the first president and founder of the modern Turkish Republic.

Hakkâri Province

8 links

Hakkâri Province (, Hakkâri ili, Parêzgeha Colemêrgê ), is a province in the southeast of Turkey.

Pontus (region)

10 links

Anatolia or Asia Minor in the Greco-Roman period: The classical regions, including Pontus, and their main settlements.

Map of Asia minor, 89 BC showing Roman provinces and client states as well as Pontic territory. The Kingdom of Pontus, under Mithridates VI the Great, is in green.

The Roman client kingdom of Pontus (in union with Colchis), c. 50 AD

The Diocese of Pontus and its provinces, c. 400 AD

Administrative subdivisions of today's Black Sea Region

Pontus or Pontos (Πόντος, "Sea" ) is a region on the southern coast of the Black Sea, located in the modern-day eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey.

$The structure of Turkey's GDP by sectors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bluenomics.com/data#!data/national_accounts_gdp/gdp_production_approach/structure_of_gross_value_added_by_sectors_gva_/structure_of_gross_value_added_by_sectors_gva_annual_of_gdp%7Cchart/line$countries=turkey&sorting=list//title|title=Bluenomics|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117072912/http://www.bluenomics.com/data#!data/national_accounts_gdp/gdp_production_approach/structure_of_gross_value_added_by_sectors_gva_/structure_of_gross_value_added_by_sectors_gva_annual_of_gdp%7Cchart/line$countries=turkey&sorting=list//title|archive-date=2014-11-17}}</ref>$

thumb|GDP per capita (PPP) of Turkey vs other emerging economies. The data is retrieved from World Bank

Public debt of the six major European countries between 2002 and 2009 as a percentage of GDP

Turkey expected to increase its GDP in long term due to population growth and urbanization.

The economy of Turkey (or Türkiye) is an emerging market economy, as defined by the International Monetary Fund.

Phrygia

7 links

Zeus Temple in ancient city of Aizanoi belongs to Phrygia. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Phrygian soldiers. Detail from a reconstruction of a Phrygian building at Pararli, Turkey, 7th–6th centuries BC.

Horseman and griffin, Phrygia, 600–550 BC.

Detail from a reconstruction of a Phrygian building at Pararli, Turkey, 7th–6th centuries BC: Museum of Anatolian Civilisations, Ankara. A griffin, sphinx and two centaurs are shown.

Tomb at Midas City (6th century BC), near Eskişehir

The location of Hellespontine Phrygia, and the provincial capital of Dascylium, in the Achaemenid Empire, c. 500 BC.

The two Phrygian provinces within the Diocese of Asia, c. 400 AD.

The Flaying of Marsyas by Titian, 1570s, with King Midas at right, and the man with a knife in a Phrygian cap

The Polyxena sarcophagus in Çanakkale Archaeological Museum, Turkey.

The Midas Mound Tumulus at Gordion, dated ca. 740 BCE.

Man in Phrygian costume, Hellenistic period (3rd–1st century BC), Cyprus

In classical antiquity, Phrygia (, Phrygía ; Frigya) (also known as the Kingdom of Muska) was a kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now Asian Turkey, centered on the Sangarios River.

Mardin Province

7 links

Minaret of the Grand Mosque of Mardin (12th century) and the view of the Mesopotamian plains.

View of Savur and the grand mosque in the center

Mardin Province (Mardin ili, Parêzgeha Mêrdînê, محافظة ماردين ), is a province of Turkey with a population of 809,719 in 2017, slightly down from the population of 835,173 in 2000.

Oghuz Turks

7 links

The Oguz or Ghuzz Turks (Middle Turkic: ٱغُز, romanized: Oγuz, ) were a western Turkic people that spoke the Oghuz branch of the Turkic language family.

Oghuz Yabgu State in Turkestan, 750–1055

A banknote picture of Oghuz Khan pictured on a 100 Turkmenistan manat in 2014

A bust of Dede Korkut—the central character of an epic dating from the 9th Centuries—in Baku.

Head of male Seljuk royal figure, 12-13th century, from Iran.

Turkmen woman at the entrance to a yurt in Turkestan; 1911 color photograph by Prokudin-Gorskii

Traditional Turkmen clothes, Dursunbey, Balikesir Province

Physical map of Central Asia from the Caucasus in the northwest, to Mongolia in the northeast.

A copy of Book of Dede Korkut in Dresden, Germany.

Yörük camp in Taurus mountains, 19th century

The Great Seljuq Empire in 1092, upon the death of Malik Shah I

Basic forms of nomadic state from Xiongnu to Mongol

Today, much of the populations of Turkey, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan are descendants of Oghuz Turks and their language belongs to the Oghuz group of the Turkic languages family.

Kurdistan Workers' Party

17 links

Kurdish militant political organization and armed guerrilla movement, which historically operated throughout Kurdistan, but is now primarily based in the mountainous Kurdish-majority regions of southeastern Turkey and northern Iraq.

Protest for freedom of Ocalan in Germany, January 21, 2016

Percentage of the popular vote won by the pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) in the 2015 Turkish general election. "The HDP's elections results, which are a proxy indicator of popular support for the PKK, show that the group has followers throughout the country."

Demonstration in Paris for slain PKK founder and activists

PKK and Peshmerga fighters, 11 August 2015

Following the SDF capture of Raqqa, YPJ and YPG troops raised a large banner of Abdullah Öcalan in the city centre.

The PKK flag at a march in Cardiff for Welsh independence in May 2019

PKK supporters at 2003 march opposing the Iraq War, London

Mass demonstration for the PKK and freedom of Abdullah Ocalan in the Turkish city of Van during Newroz

Although the PKK once sought an independent Kurdish state, in the 1990s its aims shifted toward autonomy and increased rights for Kurds within Turkey.

Palace of Europe in Strasbourg, seat of the Council of Europe, which Turkey joined on 13 April 1950

Accession of Turkey to the European Union

5 links

Global map of Europe (light green) and Turkey (dark green)

The Nabucco, TANAP, TAP and ITGI pipelines will deliver natural gas from the Caspian Sea basin to the EU member states.

A view of Dolmabahçe Palace and the skyline of Levent business district from the Bosphorus strait in Istanbul, the largest city and economic capital of Turkey, and the former capital of the Roman (330–395), Byzantine (395–1204 and 1261–1453), Latin (1204–1261) and Ottoman (1453–1922) Empires.

İstiklal Avenue in Istanbul's cosmopolitan Beyoğlu district is visited by an average of 3 million people on weekend days.

The self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus has been recognised only by Turkey since its establishment in 1983. In 2004, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) gave observer status (without voting rights) to the representatives of the Turkish Cypriot community.

Originally a church, later a mosque, the 6th century Hagia Sophia (532–537) in Constantinople (Istanbul) built by the Byzantine emperor Justinian the Great was the largest cathedral ever constructed in the world for nearly a millennium, until the completion of the Seville Cathedral (1507) in Spain.

The Mistral Towers, Folkart Towers and Ege Perla Towers are among the tallest skyscrapers in İzmir, Turkey's third largest city.

lgbtIstanbul Pride parade in 2013, İstiklal Avenue, Istanbul (before the ban in 2016).

Eighteen female MPs joined the Turkish Parliament with the 1935 general elections, at a time when women in a significant number of other European countries had voting rights for the local municipal elections, but not for the national parliamentary elections. In 1993 Tansu Çiller became Turkey's first female Prime Minister.

Women in Turkey protesting for their rights. On 20 March 2021, with a presidential decree, Turkey withdrew from the Istanbul Convention, which was ratified by the Turkish parliament in 2011. The decision was criticised by the European Commission and the Council of Europe. It was followed by the diplomatic incident dubbed Sofagate on 7 April 2021.

Turkey is negotiating its accession to the European Union (EU) as a member state, following its application to become a full member of the European Economic Community (EEC), the predecessor of the EU, on 14 April 1987.

Map of the Darién Gap at the border between Colombia and Panama

List of transcontinental countries

4 links

List of countries with territory that straddles more than one continent, known as transcontinental states or intercontinental states.

A map of transcontinental countries, and countries that control territory in more than one continent.
Contiguous transcontinental countries.
Non-contiguous transcontinental countries.
Countries that may be considered transcontinental, depending on the legal status of their claims or the definition of continental boundaries used.

African land part of Egypt
Asian land part of Egypt
The rest of Africa
The rest of Asia

Conventions used for the boundary between Europe and Asia during the 18th and 19th centuries. The red line shows the most common modern convention, in use since c. 1850.
Europe
Asia
historically placed in either continent

This convention results in several countries such as in the case of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkey finding themselves almost entirely in 'Asia', with a few small enclaves or districts technically in 'Europe'.