A report on Turkey

Some henges at Göbekli Tepe were erected as far back as 9600 BC, predating those of Stonehenge, England, by over seven millennia.
The Great Seljuk Empire in 1092, upon the death of Malik Shah I
The Second Ottoman Siege of Vienna in 1683 (the First Siege was in 1529) initiated the Great Turkish War (1683–1699) between the Ottomans and a Holy League of European states.
Armenian civilians being deported during the Armenian genocide
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder and first President of the Turkish Republic, with the Liberal Republican Party leader Fethi Okyar (right) and Okyar's daughter in Yalova, 13 August 1930.
Eighteen female deputies joined the Turkish Parliament with the 1935 general elections. Turkish women gained the right to vote and to hold elected office as a mark of the far-reaching social changes initiated by Atatürk.
Roosevelt, İnönü and Churchill at the Second Cairo Conference, 1943.
Anıtkabir, the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Ankara, is visited by large crowds every year during national holidays, such as Republic Day on 29 October.
Istanbul Çağlayan Justice Palace is a courthouse in the Şişli district of Istanbul.
After becoming one of the early members of the Council of Europe in 1950, Turkey became an associate member of the EEC in 1963, joined the EU Customs Union in 1995 and started full membership negotiations with the European Union in 2005.
The Turkish Armed Forces collectively rank as the second-largest standing military force in NATO, after the US Armed Forces. Turkey joined the alliance in 1952.
The 2015 G20 Summit held in Antalya, Turkey, a founding member of the OECD (1961) and G20 (1999).
TAI Anka and Bayraktar TB2 are the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) used by the Turkish Armed Forces.
TCG Anadolu (L-400) is an amphibious assault ship-aircraft carrier developed for the Turkish Navy
Feminist demonstration in Kadıköy, Istanbul on 29 July 2017
Turkish journalists protesting the imprisonment of their colleagues on Human Rights Day in 2016.
Istanbul Pride organized in 2003 for the first time. Since 2015, parades in Istanbul were denied permission by the government. The denials were based on security concerns, but critics claimed the bans were ideological. Despite the refusal hundreds of people defied the ban each year.
Topographic map of Turkey
Sumela Monastery in the Pontic Mountains, which form an ecoregion with diverse temperate rainforest types, flora and fauna in northern Anatolia.
A white Turkish Angora cat with odd eyes (heterochromia), which is common among the Angoras.
Köppen climate classification of Turkey
Istanbul is the largest city and financial centre of Turkey.
A proportional representation of Turkey's exports, 2019
Marmaris in the Turkish Riviera
Istanbul Airport main terminal building has an annual passenger capacity of 90 million and making it the world's largest airport terminal building under a single roof.
A TCDD HT80000 high-speed train of the Turkish State Railways
Göktürk-1, Göktürk-2 and Göktürk-3 are the Earth observation satellites of the Turkish Ministry of National Defense, while state-owned Türksat operates the Türksat series of communications satellites.
Total fertility rate in Turkey by province (2021)
CIA map of areas with a Kurdish majority
Sancaklar Mosque is a contemporary mosque in Istanbul
The Church of St. Anthony of Padua on İstiklal Avenue, in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul. There are 234 active churches in the city.
Istanbul Technical University is the world's third-oldest technical university.
Istanbul University was founded in 1453 as a Darülfünûn. On 1 August 1933 it was reorganised and became the Republic's first university.
Acıbadem Hospital in Altunizade neighborhood of Üsküdar, İstanbul
Ortaköy Mosque is a good example of the Westernisation of Islamic-Ottoman architecture. Many Baroque architecture elements can be seen in it.
Ottoman miniature which can be linked to the Persian miniature tradition, as well as strong Chinese artistic influences.
Namık Kemal's works had a profound influence on Atatürk and other Turkish statesmen who established the Turkish Republic.
Nobel-laureate Turkish novelist Orhan Pamuk and his Turkish Angora cat at his personal writing space
Süreyya Opera House is situated in the Asian side of Istanbul and Atatürk Cultural Center is the main Opera House in the European side of the city.
Referred to as Süperstar by the Turkish media, Ajda Pekkan is a prominent figure of Turkish pop music, with a career spanning decades and a repertoire of diverse musical styles.
Barış Manço was a Turkish rock musician and one of the founders of the Anatolian rock genre.
Turkey won the silver medal at the 2010 FIBA World Championship.
VakıfBank S.K. has won the FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship in 2017 and 2018, and the 2017–18 CEV Women's Champions League for the fourth time in their history.
TRT World is the international news platform of the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation.
The closing ceremony of the annual International Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival takes place at the Aspendos amphitheatre.

Transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe.

- Turkey

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Selimiye Mosque exterior. Sinan the Architect called the Şehzade Mosque in Istanbul his apprentice work, the Süleymaniye his journeyman’s work, and the Selimiye his masterpiece. He was 85 when he finished it.

Edirne

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Selimiye Mosque exterior. Sinan the Architect called the Şehzade Mosque in Istanbul his apprentice work, the Süleymaniye his journeyman’s work, and the Selimiye his masterpiece. He was 85 when he finished it.
Historical image of Cihannüma Kasrı (Panoramic Pavilion), part of Edirne Palace complex
Edirne in the first quarter of the 20th century.
An example of Ottoman architecture in Edirne
Grand Synagogue of Edirne
Administrative building backside of the Grand Synagogue of Edirne
Treaty of Lausanne Monument and Museum in Edirne
Oil-wrestling at Kırkpınar
Ali Paşa Çarşısı (Ali Pasha Bazaar).
Main building of Trakya University
Faculty of Fine Arts building of Trakya University, originally built as Karaağaç railway station.
Interior view of the Grand Synagogue of Edirne
Interior view of the Selimiye Mosque, Edirne
View of the Selimiye Mosque, Edirne
View of the Selimiye Mosque, Edirne
A house in Edirne from the Ottoman period
Interior of Eski Cami
A historic elementary school building
Meriç Bridge
Edirne Main Street
IV.Mehmet Hunting Kiosk
Sts. Constantine and Helena Bulgarian Church
Fatih Bridge over the Tunca River, with the Kasr-ı Adalet (Justice Pavilion) tower seen in the background
Ghazi Mihal Mosque
Part of Muradiye Mosque mihrab
Muradiye Mosque front
A Roman Tower still standing

Edirne, formerly known as Adrianople or Hadrianopolis (Greek: Άδριανούπολις) is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the province of Edirne and Eastern Thrace, close to Turkey's borders with Greece and Bulgaria (3.24 miles or 5.22 kilometers from the Greek border at the closest point).

Prominent nationalists at the Sivas Congress. Left to right: Ahmet Muzaffer (Kılıç), Rauf Bey (Orbay), Bekir Sami (Kunduh), Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), Ruşen Eşref (Ünaydın), Cemil Cahit (Toydemir), Cevat Abbas (Gürer).

Turkish National Movement

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Prominent nationalists at the Sivas Congress. Left to right: Ahmet Muzaffer (Kılıç), Rauf Bey (Orbay), Bekir Sami (Kunduh), Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), Ruşen Eşref (Ünaydın), Cemil Cahit (Toydemir), Cevat Abbas (Gürer).
Mustafa Kemal Pasha during the Erzurum Congress.
Members of the movement during the Sivas Congress, left to right: Rauf Orbay, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, and Ahmet Rüstem Bilinski.

The Turkish National Movement (Türk Ulusal Hareketi) encompasses the political and military activities of the Turkish revolutionaries that resulted in the creation and shaping of the modern Republic of Turkey, as a consequence of the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I and the subsequent occupation of Constantinople and partitioning of the Ottoman Empire by the Allies under the terms of the Armistice of Mudros.

Late Bronze Age regions of Anatolia/Asia Minor (circa 1200 BC) with main settlements.

Ancient regions of Anatolia

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Late Bronze Age regions of Anatolia/Asia Minor (circa 1200 BC) with main settlements.
Anatolia/Asia Minor in the Greco-Roman period. The classical regions and their main settlements (circa 200 BC).
Byzantine Anatolian Themata circa 950 A.D
The themata of the East Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire), at the death of Basil II in 1025.

The following is a list of regions of Ancient Anatolia, also known as "Asia Minor," in the present day Anatolia region of Turkey in Western Asia.

The modern boundaries of Thrace in Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey.

Thrace

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The modern boundaries of Thrace in Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey.
The physical–geographical boundaries of Thrace: the Balkan Mountains, the Rhodope Mountains and the Bosporus. The Rhodope mountain range is highlighted.
The Roman province of Thrace
The Byzantine thema of Thrace.
Map of Ancient Thrace made by Abraham Ortelius in 1585, stating both the names Thrace and Europe.
Thrace and the Thracian Odrysian Kingdom under Sitalces c. 431–424 BC, showing the territories of several Thracian tribes.
Thrace in the Odrysian Kingdom showing several Thracian tribes. Sapeia was Northern Thrace and Asteia was Southern Thrace.
Skudrian (Thracian) soldier of the Achaemenid army, circa 480 BC. Xerxes I tomb relief.
Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak.
Flag of rebels of Thrace during the Greek War of Independence.
Proposal to cede East Thrace to Greece during World War I. This photocopy came from a larger color map.

Thrace (Θράκη; Тракия; Trakya) or Thrake is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe, now split among Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to the north, the Aegean Sea to the south, and the Black Sea to the east.

Miletus

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Ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia, near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Ionia.

Ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia, near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Ionia.

Map of Miletus and other cities within the Lydian Empire
The Ionic Stoa on the Sacred Way in Miletus
Apollo statue found in Miletus. Currently in Istanbul Archeology Museum
Temple of Apollo in Didyma
Coinage of Miletus at the time of Aristagoras. Late 6th-early 5th century BC.
Electrum coinage of Miletus, circa 600–550 BC.
The plan of Milet in the Classical period
Egyptian artefact found in Miletus
Byzantine Palation Castle
An Ottoman mosque from the Turkish period in Miletus site
The Market Gate of Miletus at the Pergamon Museum in Berlin
Location of Miletus at the Maeander River's mouth
Map of the Black Sea, featuring the chronological phasing of major Milesian colonial foundations.
Thales of Miletus was a Greek mathematician, astronomer and pre-Socratic philosopher from the city. He is otherwise historically recognized as the first individual known to have entertained and engaged in scientific philosophy
The name Fikellura derives from a site on the island of Rhodes to which this fabric has been attributed. It is now established that the center of production was Miletus.
The name Fikellura derives from a site on the island of Rhodes to which this fabric has been attributed. It is now established that the center of production was Miletus.
Milesian Vase
Milesian Vase
Milesian Vase
Milesian Vase
Sculpture from Baths of Faustina
Faustina Baths in Miletus
The Sacred Way from Miletus with the remains of the stoa
The Ionic Stoa on the Sacred Way
Remains of the stoa connecting the main Bath of Faustina to the Palaestra
Illustration of Miletus
Right entrance of the ancient Greek theatre
Ancient Greek theatre

Its ruins are located near the modern village of Balat in Aydın Province, Turkey.

Flag

Council of Europe

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International organisation founded in the wake of World War II to uphold human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe.

International organisation founded in the wake of World War II to uphold human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe.

Flag
Flag
Plaque commemorating the first session of the Council of Europe Assembly at Strasbourg University
Session of the Council of Europe's Parliamentary Assembly in the former House of Europe in Strasbourg in 1967. Willy Brandt, German Minister for Foreign Affairs, is speaking.
Winston Churchill's inaugural speech of the Council of Europe in The Hague
Council's Parliamentary Assembly hemicycle
European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines.
Aerial shot of the Palais de l'Europe in Strasbourg
Council of Europe's Agora building

It was signed in London on that day by ten states: Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom, though Turkey and Greece joined three months later.

A 15th-century map showing Bithynia.

Bithynia

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A 15th-century map showing Bithynia.
The Constantinople Gate in Nicaea

Bithynia (Koine Greek: Βιθυνία, Bithynía) was an ancient region, kingdom and Roman province in the northwest of Asia Minor (present-day Turkey), adjoining the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Black Sea.

An 18th-century depiction of the legendary sack of Troy.

Troy

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An 18th-century depiction of the legendary sack of Troy.
Troy I wall
Schliemann's trench. Layers are marked with Roman numerals.
Artist's representation of House VI M, part of the palatial complex
Anatolian Grey Ware
Alexandria Troas
Heinrich Schliemann
Artifacts which Schliemann dubbed Priam's Treasure.
Hisarlik, pictured in 1880. The notch at the top is "Schliemann's Trench".
The west side of Troy Ridge. The road from Tevfikiye enters from the right.
Wooden Trojan Horse monument in the plaza before the modern gate to the ancient city
Troy Museum subterranean interior.
Troy Museum aboveground. Most of the entire field in which it sits roofs the underground galleries, work, and storage spaces. These are accessed via ramps not shown. There are also outdoor display spaces.

Troy (Greek: Τροία) or Ilion (Greek: Ίλιον) was an ancient city located at Hisarlik in present-day Turkey, 30 km south-west of Çanakkale.

In this 15th-century French miniature depicting the Battle of Manzikert, the combatants are clad in contemporary Western European armour.

Battle of Manzikert

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In this 15th-century French miniature depicting the Battle of Manzikert, the combatants are clad in contemporary Western European armour.
Alp Arslan led the Seljuq Turks to victory against the Byzantine annexation of Manzikert in 1071
Having made peace with the Byzantines, the Seljuks intended to attack Egypt, until Alp Arslan learned in Aleppo of the Byzantine advance. He returned north and met the Byzantines north of Lake Van.
Byzantine territory (purple), Byzantine attacks (red) and Seljuk attacks (green)
Alp Arslan humiliating Emperor Romanos IV. From a 15th-century illustrated French translation of Boccaccio's De Casibus Virorum Illustrium.
The Turks did not move into Anatolia until after Alp Arslan's death in 1072.
Settlements and regions affected during the first wave of Turkish invasions in Asia Minor (until 1204).
Çamlıca Mosque, Istanbul

The Battle of Manzikert or Battle of Malazgirt was fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Empire on 26 August 1071 near Manzikert, theme of Iberia (modern Malazgirt in Muş Province, Turkey).

Partial reconstruction of the Nereid Monument at Xanthos in Lycia, c. 390–380 BC.

Lycia

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Partial reconstruction of the Nereid Monument at Xanthos in Lycia, c. 390–380 BC.
Inscribed Xanthian Obelisk (c. 400 BC), a funerary pillar for a sarcophagus that probably belonged to Dynast Kheriga.
Lycia coin, c. 520–470 BC.
Probable depiction of the Lycian ruler Kybernis (520–480 BC), Harpy Tomb. Archaic Greek style.
The "Harpy Tomb" of Kybernis, a solid sandstone pillar with the sarcophagus of Kybernis on top (c. 480 BC).
Lycian dignitary in Achaemenid style, at the Karaburun tomb near Elmalı, Lycia, c. 475 BC.
Kuprlli (480–440 BC) ruled at the time of the Athenian alliance. Head of Karneios or Zeus-Ammon and Triskeles. KO-𐊓-P(ΛΛE) around.
Silver Drachm of Trajan from Lycia, 98–99 AD, minted during Roman rule.
The Roman theater in Pinara.
Roman baths in Olympos.
The Roman Bridge near Limyra in Lycia, one of the oldest segmental arch bridges in the world.
Abandoned Greek city of Kayaköy
Lycia, from Travels in Lycia, Milyas, and the Cibyratis, in company with the late Rev. E. T. Daniell (1842)
Telmessos rock tomb. The sign on site says the tombs date from about 400 BC
Rock-cut tombs in Myra
Ogival rock-cut tomb at Pinara, 4th century BC.
Ancient Lycian tomb in Kaş.
The Tomb of Amyntas in Fethiye.
Ancient Greek theater at Oinoanda.
Lycian tomb in Kaş.
Coin of the dynast of Lycia, Kherei, with Athena on the obverse, and himself wearing the Persian cap on the reverse. 410–390 BC.
Dynast Arbinas, in Persian dress, receiving emissaries. Scene from the upper podium frieze of the Nereid Monument, c. 380 BC.
Portrait of Lycian ruler Mithrapata (ruled 390–370 BC).
Coin of Perikles, last king of Lycia. Circa 380–360 BC.
"Lycian sarcophagus of Sidon", Sidon, end of 5th century BC.
Cities of ancient Lycia. Red dots: mountain peaks, white dots: ancient cities
Lycian tomb in Fethiye

Lycia (Lycian: 𐊗𐊕𐊐𐊎𐊆𐊖 Trm̃mis; Λυκία, Lykia; Likya) was a rich geopolitical region in Anatolia in what are now the provinces of Antalya and Muğla on the southern coast of Turkey, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, and Burdur Province inland.