Two-stage theory
two stage theorysocialism from abovestagisttwo connected stagestwo-stage revolution
The two-stage theory, or stagism, is a Marxist–Leninist political theory which argues that underdeveloped countries such as Tsarist Russia must first pass through a stage of capitalism before moving to a socialist stage.wikipedia
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Trotskyism
TrotskyistTrotskyistsTrotskyite
In the Soviet Union, the two-stage theory was opposed by the Trotskyist theory of permanent revolution. Although all agree that Marx and Engels argue that Western capitalism provides the technological advances necessary for socialism and the "grave diggers" of the capitalist class in the form of the working class, critics of the two-stage theory, including most trends of Trotskyism, counter that Marx and Engels denied that they had laid down a formula to be applied to all countries in all circumstances.









Marxism–Leninism
Marxism-LeninismMarxist-LeninistMarxist–Leninist
The two-stage theory, or stagism, is a Marxist–Leninist political theory which argues that underdeveloped countries such as Tsarist Russia must first pass through a stage of capitalism before moving to a socialist stage. In Marxist–Leninist theory under Joseph Stalin, the theory of two stages gained a revival.
The purpose of Marxism–Leninism is the revolutionary transformation of a capitalist state into a socialist state by way of two-stage revolution led by a vanguard party of professional revolutionaries, drawn from the proletariat.









Permanent revolution
deflected permanent revolutioneternalpermanent revolution theory
In the Soviet Union, the two-stage theory was opposed by the Trotskyist theory of permanent revolution. They were criticised by Leon Trotsky in what became the theory of permanent revolution in 1905.
This is often referred to as the theory of stages, the two-stage theory or stagism.

Russian Empire
RussiaImperial RussiaRussian
The two-stage theory, or stagism, is a Marxist–Leninist political theory which argues that underdeveloped countries such as Tsarist Russia must first pass through a stage of capitalism before moving to a socialist stage.









Capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory)
capitalist mode of productioncapitalismcapitalist
The two-stage theory, or stagism, is a Marxist–Leninist political theory which argues that underdeveloped countries such as Tsarist Russia must first pass through a stage of capitalism before moving to a socialist stage.
Socialist mode of production
socialismsocialistsocialist society
The two-stage theory, or stagism, is a Marxist–Leninist political theory which argues that underdeveloped countries such as Tsarist Russia must first pass through a stage of capitalism before moving to a socialist stage. In the preface to the Russian edition of The Communist Manifesto of 1882, Marx and Engels specifically outline an alternative path to socialism for Russia.
Soviet Union
SovietUSSRSoviets
In the Soviet Union, the two-stage theory was opposed by the Trotskyist theory of permanent revolution. Later when the two-stage theory re-appeared in the Soviet Union after the death of Vladimir Lenin, the theory of permanent revolution was supported by the Left Opposition.









Russian Revolution
Russian Revolution of 1917Revolution1917 Revolution
While the discussion on stagism focuses on the Russian Revolution, Maoist theories such as New Democracy tend to apply a two-stage theory to struggles elsewhere.









Maoism
MaoistMaoistsMao Zedong Thought
While the discussion on stagism focuses on the Russian Revolution, Maoist theories such as New Democracy tend to apply a two-stage theory to struggles elsewhere.







New Democracy
New Democratic RevolutionNew Democratica national democratic revolution
While the discussion on stagism focuses on the Russian Revolution, Maoist theories such as New Democracy tend to apply a two-stage theory to struggles elsewhere.
Joseph Stalin
StalinJosef StalinJosif Stalin
In Marxist–Leninist theory under Joseph Stalin, the theory of two stages gained a revival.









South African Communist Party
Communist Party of South AfricaSACPCommunist Party
More recently, the South African Communist Party and Socialist Alliance have re-elaborated the two-stage theory, although the Socialist Alliance differentiates their position from the Stalinist one.
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Socialist AllianceSASoc.
More recently, the South African Communist Party and Socialist Alliance have re-elaborated the two-stage theory, although the Socialist Alliance differentiates their position from the Stalinist one.
Stalinism
StalinistStalinistsStalinization
More recently, the South African Communist Party and Socialist Alliance have re-elaborated the two-stage theory, although the Socialist Alliance differentiates their position from the Stalinist one.





Karl Marx
MarxMarx, KarlMarxist
The two-stage theory is often attributed to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, but critics such as David McLellan and others dispute that they envisaged the strict application of this theory outside of the actually existing Western development of capitalism.









Friedrich Engels
EngelsFrederick EngelsFrederich Engels
The two-stage theory is often attributed to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, but critics such as David McLellan and others dispute that they envisaged the strict application of this theory outside of the actually existing Western development of capitalism.







David McLellan (political scientist)
David McLellanMcLellan, David
The two-stage theory is often attributed to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, but critics such as David McLellan and others dispute that they envisaged the strict application of this theory outside of the actually existing Western development of capitalism.

Bourgeoisie
bourgeoisburgherburghers
Although all agree that Marx and Engels argue that Western capitalism provides the technological advances necessary for socialism and the "grave diggers" of the capitalist class in the form of the working class, critics of the two-stage theory, including most trends of Trotskyism, counter that Marx and Engels denied that they had laid down a formula to be applied to all countries in all circumstances.







Working class
working-classlower classworkers
Although all agree that Marx and Engels argue that Western capitalism provides the technological advances necessary for socialism and the "grave diggers" of the capitalist class in the form of the working class, critics of the two-stage theory, including most trends of Trotskyism, counter that Marx and Engels denied that they had laid down a formula to be applied to all countries in all circumstances.



The Communist Manifesto
Communist ManifestoManifesto of the Communist PartyThe Manifesto of the Communist Party
In the preface to the Russian edition of The Communist Manifesto of 1882, Marx and Engels specifically outline an alternative path to socialism for Russia.






Leon Trotsky
TrotskyLev TrotskyLeo Trotsky
They were criticised by Leon Trotsky in what became the theory of permanent revolution in 1905.









Vladimir Lenin
LeninV. I. LeninVladimir Ilyich Lenin
Later when the two-stage theory re-appeared in the Soviet Union after the death of Vladimir Lenin, the theory of permanent revolution was supported by the Left Opposition.









Left Opposition
International Left OppositionInternational Communist LeagueInternational Secretariat of the Trotskyist movement
Later when the two-stage theory re-appeared in the Soviet Union after the death of Vladimir Lenin, the theory of permanent revolution was supported by the Left Opposition.

Peasant
peasantspeasantrycampesinos
The permanent revolution theory argues that the tasks allotted in the two-stage theory to the capitalist class can only be carried out by the working class with the support of the poor peasantry and that the working class will then pass on to the socialist tasks and expropriate the capitalist class.






Historical materialism
materialist conception of historyhistorical materialistMarx's theory of history
