A report on Ulster

Ulster (coloured), showing Northern Ireland in pink and the Republic of Ireland part in green
A bronze statue commemorating The Flight of the Earls at Rathmullan in north County Donegal.
A modern Protestant mural in Belfast celebrating Oliver Cromwell and his activities.
Royal Avenue, Belfast. Photochrom print circa 1890–1900.
The results of the 1918 Irish general election, in which Sinn Féin and the Irish Parliamentary Party won the majority of votes on the island of Ireland, shown in the color green and light green respectively, with the exception being primarily in the East of the province of Ulster.
At White Park Bay
Countryside west of Ballynahinch
Mourne country cottage
The track of the County Donegal Railways Joint Committee (CDRJC) restored next to Lough Finn, near Fintown station.
The approach of autumn, Tardree forest

One of the four traditional Irish provinces.

- Ulster

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County Antrim

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One of six counties of Northern Ireland and one of the thirty-two counties of Ireland.

One of six counties of Northern Ireland and one of the thirty-two counties of Ireland.

Glens of Antrim at Glendun
Fair Head seen from Ballycastle
Columnar basalt at Giant's Causeway
Larne Harbour
Lisburn railway station is on the major rail link between Belfast and Dublin
Ballycastle
Carnlough
Royal Avenue, Belfast. Photochrom print circa 1890–1900.
Dunluce Castle.
Carrickfergus Castle (1177)

It is also one of the thirty-two traditional counties of Ireland, as well as part of the historic province of Ulster.

A 1685 plan of Belfast by the military engineer Thomas Phillips, showing the town's ramparts and Lord Chichester's castle, which was destroyed in a fire in 1708

Belfast

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Capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast.

Capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast.

A 1685 plan of Belfast by the military engineer Thomas Phillips, showing the town's ramparts and Lord Chichester's castle, which was destroyed in a fire in 1708
Volunteer Corps parade down High Street, Bastille Day, 1792
High Street, c. 1906
Aftermath of the Blitz in May 1941
Shankill Road during the Troubles, 1970s
Belfast City Hall
Stormont is home to the Northern Ireland Assembly.
Aerial view of Belfast (2004)
Satellite image of Belfast with Lough
Cavehill, a basaltic hill overlooking the city
Royal Avenue
St Anne's Cathedral
Obel Tower is the tallest building in Belfast and Ireland.
Scottish Provident Institution, an example of Victorian architecture in Belfast
The Palm House at the Botanic Gardens
A recreation ground next to the Obel Tower. The Salmon of Knowledge is visible on the left.
A loyalist mural in Belfast
A 1907 stereoscope postcard depicting the construction of a passenger liner (the RMS Adriatic) at the Harland and Wolff shipyard
Samson and Goliath, Harland & Wolff's gantry cranes
The Waterfront Hall. Built in 1997, the hall is a concert, exhibition and conference venue.
Ulster University, Belfast campus
Silent Valley Reservoir, showing the brick-built overflow
George Best Belfast City Airport
Great Victoria Street station on Northern Ireland Railways
Glider bus rapid transit services opened in 2018.
AC/DC with Bon Scott (centre) pictured with guitarist Angus Young (left) and bassist Cliff Williams (back), performing at the Ulster Hall in August 1979
The Beatles emerging from the Ritz Cinema, Belfast, following their concert, 8 November 1963.
Broadcasting House, Belfast, Headquarters of the BBC in Northern Ireland.
Ravenhill Stadium is the home of Ulster Rugby
Titanic Belfast, devoted to the Belfast-built RMS Titanic, opened in 2012
Population density
Percentage Catholic or brought up Catholic
Most commonly stated national identity
Percentage born outside the UK and Ireland

Casement Park in west Belfast, home to the Antrim county teams, has a capacity of 32,000 which makes it the second largest Gaelic Athletic Association ground in Ulster.

Oriel before the Norman invasion of Ireland

Airgíalla

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Medieval Irish over-kingdom and the collective name for the confederation of tribes that formed it.

Medieval Irish over-kingdom and the collective name for the confederation of tribes that formed it.

Oriel before the Norman invasion of Ireland
Rossa Buidhe surrendered Airgíalla to Lord Deputy, John Perrot.
Early peoples in Ireland and the seven provinces as defined in the 11th-century Lebor na Cert (Book of Rights)

According to legend, Airgíalla was founded by the Three Collas, who are said to have conquered what is now central Ulster from the Ulaid.

County Cavan

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County in Ireland.

County in Ireland.

Lough Oughter
Cloughoughter Castle
Cavan (blue) in action against The Queen's University of Belfast in the 2009 Dr. McKenna Cup
Cavan town is the most populous in the county

It is in the province of Ulster and is part of the Border Region.

Lough Erne

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Name of two connected lakes in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland.

Name of two connected lakes in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland.

Lower Lough Erne.
Upper Lough Erne.
Upper Lough Erne Panorama.
Lough Erne from the International Space Station (lower right).
Lower Lough Erne

It is the second-biggest lake system in Northern Ireland and Ulster, and the fourth biggest in Ireland.

Ulster Volunteers in Belfast, 1914

Ulster Volunteers

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Unionist, loyalist militia founded in 1912 to block domestic self-government for Ireland, which was then part of the United Kingdom.

Unionist, loyalist militia founded in 1912 to block domestic self-government for Ireland, which was then part of the United Kingdom.

Ulster Volunteers in Belfast, 1914
Ulster Volunteers in Belfast, 1914
Ulster Volunteer Force in 1914
A mural in Belfast showing four recipients of the Victoria Cross from the 36th (Ulster) Division, with the UVF logo in the middle

The Ulster Volunteers were based in the northern province of Ulster.

Areas which were linguistically and culturally Gaelic c. 1000 CE (light green) and c. 1700 CE (medium green); areas that are Gaelic-speaking in the present day (dark green)

Gaels

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Ethnolinguistic group native to Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man in the British Isles.

Ethnolinguistic group native to Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man in the British Isles.

Areas which were linguistically and culturally Gaelic c. 1000 CE (light green) and c. 1700 CE (medium green); areas that are Gaelic-speaking in the present day (dark green)
The Iverni are one of the population groups mentioned in Ptolemy's Geographia.
Place names in Scotland that contain the element BAL- from the Scottish Gaelic 'baile' meaning home, farmstead, town or city. This data gives some indication of the extent of medieval Gaelic settlement in Scotland.
Clan tartan of the MacGregors. Distinctive patterns were adopted during the Victorian era.
Distribution of Y-chromosomal Haplogroup R-M269 in Europe
The Emigrants, painting from 1844. This depicts a Highland Scots family in Gaelic dress migrating to New Zealand.
Scota and Goídel Glas voyaging from Egypt. From the 15th century chronicle the Scotichronicon.
The Lia Fáil at the Hill of Tara, sacred site of inauguration for the Gaelic High Kings.
A page from the 9th century Book of Kells, one of the finest examples of Insular art. It is believed to have been made in Gaelic monasteries in Ireland and Scotland.
High King Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill was one of the leaders in the struggle with the Norsemen.
Political boundaries in Ireland in 1450, before the plantations
Gaelic Irish men and noblewomen, c.1575
Auraicept na n-Éces, 7th century, explaining ogham.
An artistic rendering of the hero Fionn mac Cumhaill
Medieval high cross at Monasterboice
The Isles in the 5th century. Mainly Goidelic areas. Mainly Pictish areas. Mainly Brythonic areas.

In the Highlands, the various Gaelic-originated clans tended to claim descent from one of the Irish groups, particularly those from Ulster.

Ireland at the beginning of the Tudor period.

Tudor conquest of Ireland

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The Tudor conquest (or reconquest) of Ireland took place under the Tudor dynasty, which held the Kingdom of England during the 16th century.

The Tudor conquest (or reconquest) of Ireland took place under the Tudor dynasty, which held the Kingdom of England during the 16th century.

Ireland at the beginning of the Tudor period.
Silken Thomas; his family the FitzGeralds had strong Yorkist leanings and he led a rising in Kildare against the Tudor monarchy of Henry VIII.
Henry Sidney, Lord Deputy of Ireland under Elizabeth I, sets out from Dublin Castle. Detail from a plate in The Image of Irelande, by John Derrick (London, 1581).
Multilingual phrase book compiled by Sir Christopher Nugent for Elizabeth I of England.
Hugh O'Neill, 2nd Earl of Tyrone

Among the most important septs were the O'Neills (Uí Néill) in central Ulster (Tír Eóghain), flanked to their west by the O'Donnells (Uí Dhomnaill); the O'Byrnes (Uí Bhroin) and O'Tooles (Uí Thuathail) in County Wicklow; the Kavanaghs (Uí Chaomhánach) in County Wexford; the MacCarthys ((Uí) Mhic Chárthaigh) and O'Sullivans (Uí Shúilleabháin) in County Cork and County Kerry; and the O'Brien (Uí Bhriain) lordship of Thomond in County Clare.

Approximate boundaries of the traditional Scots and English language areas in Ulster. Based on The Scotch-Irish Dialect Boundaries in Ulster (1972) by R. J. Gregg.

Ulster English

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Approximate boundaries of the traditional Scots and English language areas in Ulster. Based on The Scotch-Irish Dialect Boundaries in Ulster (1972) by R. J. Gregg.
Pink represents Ulster counties within Northern Ireland; green within the Republic of Ireland.

Ulster English (Ulstèr Inglish, Béarla Ultach, also called Northern Hiberno-English or Northern Irish English) is the variety of English spoken in most of the Irish province of Ulster and throughout Northern Ireland.

Coat of arms of Walter de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, used as the basis for the Ulster flag: or, a cross gules

Earldom of Ulster

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Coat of arms of Walter de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, used as the basis for the Ulster flag: or, a cross gules
11th century major and minor kingdoms in Ulster prior to the arrival of the Normans in Ireland.

The Earldom of Ulster was an Anglo-Norman lordship in northern medieval Ireland, established by John de Courcy from the conquest of the province of Ulaid in eastern Ulster.