A report on Urban area and Urbanization

Greater Tokyo Area, Japan, the world's most populated urban area, with about 38 million inhabitants
Global urbanization map showing the percentage of urbanization and the biggest global population centres per country in 2018, based on UN estimates.
Greater Melbourne, Australia at night, seen from the International Space Station
Urbanization over the past 500 years
Urban land area (km2), 2010
A global map illustrating the first onset and spread of urban centers around the world, based on.
Urban areas with at least one million inhabitants in 2006
Population age comparises between rural Pocahontas County, Iowa and urban Johnson County, Iowa, illustrating the flight of young adults (red) to urban centres in Iowa.
India gate panorama.
The City of Chicago, Illinois is an example of the early American grid system of development. The grid is enforced even on uneven topography.
A street sign indicating the beginning of an urban area in Finland. The picture was taken in Vimpeli.
A crowded BTS Station during the rush hour in Bangkok, Thailand
São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil, the largest city proper in the Southern Hemisphere, in the Americas, and the world's ninth-largest urban area by population.
Map showing urban areas with at least one million inhabitants in 2006.
Moscow, the capital and largest city of Russia
Saint Petersburg, the cultural capital and the second-largest city
Yekaterinburg, the fourth-largest city in the country.
Greater São Paulo at night seen from the International Space Station

Urbanization (or urbanisation) refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change.

- Urbanization

Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities, towns, conurbations or suburbs.

- Urban area
Greater Tokyo Area, Japan, the world's most populated urban area, with about 38 million inhabitants

3 related topics with Alpha

Overall
Palitana represents the city's symbolic function in the extreme, devoted as it is to Jain temples.

City

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Large human settlement.

Large human settlement.

Palitana represents the city's symbolic function in the extreme, devoted as it is to Jain temples.
Hillside housing and graveyard in Kabul
Downtown Pittsburgh sits at the confluence of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers, which become the Ohio.
Kluuvi, a city centre of Helsinki, Finland
The L'Enfant Plan for Washington, D.C., inspired by the design of Versailles, combines a utilitarian grid pattern with diagonal avenues and a symbolic focus on monumental architecture.
This aerial view of the Gush Dan metropolitan area in Israel shows the geometrically planned city of Tel Aviv proper (upper left) as well as Givatayim to the east and some of Bat Yam to the south. Tel Aviv's population is 433,000; the total population of its metropolitan area is 3,785,000.
An arch from the ancient Sumerian city Ur, which flourished in the third millennium BC, can be seen at present-day Tell el-Mukayyar in Iraq
Mohenjo-daro, a city of the Indus Valley Civilization in Pakistan, which was rebuilt six or more times, using bricks of standard size, and adhering to the same grid layout—also in the third millennium BC.
This aerial view of what was once downtown Teotihuacan shows the Pyramid of the Sun, Pyramid of the Moon, and the processional avenue serving as the spine of the city's street system.
Vyborg in Leningrad Oblast, Russia has existed since the 13th century
Imperial Free Cities in the Holy Roman Empire 1648
This map of Haarlem, the Netherlands, created around 1550, shows the city completely surrounded by a city wall and defensive canal, with its square shape inspired by Jerusalem.
The industrial-based city of Tampere on the shores of the Tammerkoski rapids in 1837.
Diorama of old Gyumri, Armenia with the Holy Saviour's Church (1859–1873)
Small city Gyöngyös in Hungary in 1938.
Graph showing urbanization from 1950 projected to 2050.
Map showing urban areas with at least one million inhabitants in 2006.
The city council of Tehran meets in September 2015.
The city hall in George Town, Malaysia, today serves as the seat of the City Council of Penang Island.
The Dublin Fire Brigade in Dublin, Ireland, quenching a severe fire at a hardware store in 1970
The Ripon Building, the headquarters of Greater Chennai Corporation in Chennai. It is one of the oldest city governing corporations in Asia.
La Plata, Argentina, based on a perfect square with 5196-meter sides, was designed in the 1880s as the new capital of Buenos Aires Province.
Clusters of skyscrapers in Xinyi Special District – the centre of commerce and finance of Taipei City, capital of Taiwan.
Paris is one of the best-known cities in the world.
Nepalese dancers at Edmonton Heritage Festival, an example of the cultural diversity of a city.
Atomic bombing on August 6, 1945, devastated the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
Warsaw Old Town after the Warsaw Uprising, 85% of the city was deliberately destroyed.
Traffic congestion in Bandung, West Java
Aqueduct of Segovia in Spain
Gautrain stopped at the O. R. Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg
Transjakarta in Indonesia is the longest bus rapid transit system in the world
Baana, a shared-path rail trail in the center of Helsinki
This urban scene in Paramaribo features a few plants growing amidst solid waste and rubble behind some houses.
Profile of an urban heat island
St Stephen's Green, an urban park in Dublin, Ireland
Central Park in New York City
Stock exchanges, characteristic features of the top global cities, are interconnected hubs for capital. Here, a delegation from Australia is shown visiting the London Stock Exchange.
World Bank headquarters in Washington, D.C., United States
John Martin's The Fall of Babylon (1831), depicting chaos as the Persian army occupies Babylon, also symbolizes the ruin of decadent civilization in modern times. Lightning striking the Babylonian ziggurat (also representing the Tower of Babel) indicates God's judgment against the city.
Recreation of Ancient Rome at its height. The city was the first in the world to reach one million inhabitants.
Horbury Terrace (c.1836), terrace housing in Sydney, Australia.

Historically, city-dwellers have been a small proportion of humanity overall, but following two centuries of unprecedented and rapid urbanization, more than half of the world population now lives in cities, which has had profound consequences for global sustainability.

Present-day cities usually form the core of larger metropolitan areas and urban areas—creating numerous commuters traveling towards city centres for employment, entertainment, and education.

The Barossa Valley in South Australia is an area noted for vineyards.

Rural area

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Geographic area that is located outside towns and cities.

Geographic area that is located outside towns and cities.

The Barossa Valley in South Australia is an area noted for vineyards.
Rice terraces in Kami, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.
A rural landscape in Lappeenranta, South Karelia, Finland. 15 July 2000.
A rural landscape near Mount Shasta in California
A typical countryside scene in rural Yorkshire Dales, England.
A rural village in Rajasthan, India
Amra Kalan village in Kharian, Pakistan

These dynamics alongside larger economic forces encouraging to urbanization have led to significant demographic declines, called rural flight, where economic incentives encourage younger populations to go to cities for education and access to jobs, leaving older, less educated and less wealthy populations in the rural areas.

Predominantly urban regions have less than 15 percent of their population living in a rural community.

Measures for urban sprawl in Europe: upper left the Dispersion of the built-up area (DIS), upper right the weighted urban proliferation (WUP)

Urban sprawl

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Defined as "the spreading of urban developments (such as houses and shopping centers) on undeveloped land near a city."

Defined as "the spreading of urban developments (such as houses and shopping centers) on undeveloped land near a city."

Measures for urban sprawl in Europe: upper left the Dispersion of the built-up area (DIS), upper right the weighted urban proliferation (WUP)
This picture shows the metropolitan areas of the Northeast Megalopolis of the United States demonstrating urban sprawl, including far-flung suburbs and exurbs illuminated at night.
Traffic congestion in sprawling São Paulo, Brazil, which, according to Time magazine, has the world's worst traffic jams.
Low-density housing placed between large farms in an exurban community in Tennessee
Sprawl in Milton, Ontario. This photograph is an example of Canadian exurban development, though recently attempts are made to reduce this type of development in many major cities.
Clustered commercial strips like this one in Breezewood, Pennsylvania are common in outer rural exurbs and suburbs in metropolitan areas.
Walmart Supercenter in Luray, Virginia.
The urban sprawl of Melbourne.
The Chicago metro area, nicknamed "Chicagoland".
Road Space Requirements
Major cities – per capita petrol use vs. population density
A majority of Californians live, commute, and work in the vast and extensive web of Southern California freeways.
The Metropolitan Green Belt first proposed by the London County Council in 1935.
Many Canadian cities feature numerous pockets of high density throughout even their most distant suburbs. As a result, some Canadian suburbs have skylines that rival large American cities. Pictured are the skylines of Burnaby, British Columbia, a suburb of Vancouver.
Business parks are strongly linked to car-dependent sprawl.

Urban sprawl has been described as the unrestricted growth in many urban areas of housing, commercial development, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning.

In addition to describing a special form of urbanization, the term also relates to the social and environmental consequences associated with this development.