A report on Urban area

Greater Tokyo Area, Japan, the world's most populated urban area, with about 38 million inhabitants

Greater Melbourne, Australia at night, seen from the International Space Station

Urban areas with at least one million inhabitants in 2006

A street sign indicating the beginning of an urban area in Finland. The picture was taken in Vimpeli.

São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil, the largest city proper in the Southern Hemisphere, in the Americas, and the world's ninth-largest urban area by population.

Moscow, the capital and largest city of Russia

Saint Petersburg, the cultural capital and the second-largest city

Yekaterinburg, the fourth-largest city in the country.

Greater São Paulo at night seen from the International Space Station

Human settlement with a high population density and infrastructure of built environment.

- Urban area

46 related topics with Alpha

Urban anthropology

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Urban anthropology is a subset of anthropology concerned with issues of urbanization, poverty, urban space, social relations, and neoliberalism.

Singapore National Day Parade 2011 fireworks preview marina bay sands floating platform.

Urban sociology

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Sociological study of life and human interaction in metropolitan areas.

It is a normative discipline of sociology seeking to study the structures, environmental processes, changes and problems of an urban area and by doing so provide inputs for urban planning and policy making.

Civilization

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The Acropolis of Athens: Athens is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy.

The End of Dinner by Jules-Alexandre Grün (1913). The emergence of table manners and other forms of etiquette and self-restraint are presented as a characteristic of civilized society by Norbert Elias in his book The Civilizing Process (1939).

Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle

A Blue Shield International mission in Libya during the war in 2011 to protect the cultural assets there.

Depiction of united Medes and Persians at the Apadana, Persepolis.

The ruins of Mesoamerican city Teotihuacan

A world map of major civilizations according to the political hypothesis Clash of Civilizations by Samuel P. Huntington.

The pyramids of Giza are among the most recognizable symbols of the civilization of ancient Egypt.<ref>Medieval visitors, like the Spanish traveller Pedro Tafur in 1436, viewed them however as "the Granaries of Joseph" (Pedro Tafur, Andanças e viajes {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629042823/http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/tafur.html#ch5 |date=29 June 2011 }}).</ref>

The Acropolis in Greece, directly influencing architecture and engineering in Western, Islamic and Eastern civilizations up to the present day, 2400 years after construction.

The Persepolis in Iran: Pictures of the Gate of All Nations, the main entrance for all representatives of other nations and states. Persepolis appears to have been a grand ceremonial complex, that it was especially used for celebrating Nowruz, the Persian New Year, in 515 BC.

The Temples of Baalbek in Lebanon show us the religious and architectural styles of some of the world's most influential civilizations including the Phoenicians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and Arabs.

The Roman Forum in Rome, Italy, the political, economic, cultural and religious center of the Ancient Rome civilization, during the Republic and later Empire, its ruins still visible today in modern-day Rome.

$The Ziggurat of Ur in Iraq. Ziggurats are iconic monuments of ancient Mesopotamian civilization, which developed the first true cities in the world<ref name="Alex, Bridget">{{cite web |last1=Alex |first1=Bridget |title=Which Ancient City is Considered the Oldest in the World? |url=https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/which-ancient-city-is-considered-the-oldest-in-the-world |website=Discover |publisher=Kalmbach Media CO. |access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref> and influenced numerous kingdoms and empires in the Near East and the Mediterranean in domains such as architecture, religion, trade, artisanry, writing, law, and mathematics.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Johandi |first1=Andreas |title=Mesopotamian Influences on the Old Persian Royal Ideology and Religion: The Example of Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions |journal=ENDC Proceedings |date=2012 |volume=16 |pages=159–179 |url=https://www.ksk.edu.ee/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/KVUOA_Toimetised_16_9_Johandi.pdf |access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Jacobsen |first1=Thorkild |title=Mesopotamian Religion |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mesopotamian-religion |website=Britannica.com |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=David |first1=Katie |title=From Babylon to Crete, a Millennium of Influence: The Creation of the Gortyn Law Code |url=http://bir.brandeis.edu/bitstream/handle/10192/27091/DavidThesis2014.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y |website=Brandeis.edu |publisher=Brandeis University |year=2014 |access-date=2021-06-06 |archive-date=10 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810014729/http://bir.brandeis.edu/bitstream/handle/10192/27091/DavidThesis2014.pdf?sequence=5 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Papakitsos |first1=Evangelos C. |title=Inquiring into the Origin of the Minoan Civilization via Systems Modelling in Humanities |journal=Social Science and Humanities Research |date=2020 |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=40–58 |url=http://www.gphjournal.org/index.php/ssh/article/view/277/133 |access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ancient Mathematical Sources |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/mathematics/Ancient-mathematical-sources |website=Britannica.com |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref>$

While the Great Wall of China was built to protect Ancient Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of nomadic groups, over thousands of years the region of China was also home to many influential civilizations.

Virupaksha Temple at Hampi in India. The region of India is home and center to major religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism and has influenced other cultures and civilizations, particularly in Asia.

Machu Picchu in Peru is the most recognizable symbol of the Inca civilization in the Andean mountains. One of the New7Wonders of the World.

El Castillo, at Chichen Itza. The Maya civilization is noted for its logosyllabic script—the most sophisticated and highly developed writing system in pre-Columbian Americas—as well as for its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system.

Notre-Dame de Paris in Paris, France is among the most recognizable symbols of the civilization of Christendom. Western civilization is most strongly influenced by the Greco-Roman and Christian cultures.<ref name="PerryChase2012">{{cite book|author1=Marvin Perry |author2=Myrna Chase |author3=James Jacob |author4=Margaret Jacob |author5=Theodore H. Von Laue|title=Western Civilization: Since 1400|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N6jytVCocwMC|date=1 January 2012|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-111-83169-1|page=XXIX|access-date=11 January 2021|archive-date=23 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523120857/https://books.google.com/books?id=N6jytVCocwMC|url-status=live}}</ref> Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization.<ref>{{cite book |last=Spielvogel |first=Jackson J. |title=Western Civilization: A Brief History, Volume I: To 1715 |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-305-63347-6 |edition=Cengage Learning |page=156}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Neill |first=Thomas Patrick |title=Readings in the History of Western Civilization, Volume 2 |year=1957 |edition=Newman Press |page=224}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-link=Gerald O'Collins|last1=O'Collins|first1=Gerald|title=Catholicism: The Story of Catholic Christianity |year=2003|isbn=978-0-19-925995-3|publisher=Oxford University Press |last2=Farrugia|first2=Maria |page=v (preface)}}</ref><ref>Roman Catholicism {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506111019/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/507284/Roman-Catholicism |date=6 May 2015 }}, "Roman Catholicism, Christian church that has been the decisive spiritual force in the history of Western civilization". Encyclopædia Britannica</ref><ref name="Caltron J.H Hayas">Caltron J.H Hayas, Christianity and Western Civilization (1953), Stanford University Press, p. 2: That certain distinctive features of our Western civilization—the civilization of western Europe and of America—have been shaped chiefly by Judaeo–Graeco–Christianity, Catholic and Protestant.</ref>

Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey. An architectural and cultural icon of Byzantine and Eastern Orthodox civilization.<ref>{{harvnb|Cameron|2009}}.</ref><ref name="M130">{{harvnb|Meyendorff|1982}}.</ref><ref name="Heinle & Schlaich 1996">{{harvnb|Heinle|Schlaich|1996}}</ref> Its influence, both architecturally and liturgically, was widespread and enduring in the Eastern Christianity, Western Christianity, and Ottoman architecture.<ref name="Heinle & Schlaich 1996"/> Represents the legacy of the Byzantine Empire one of the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe,<ref name="M19">{{harvnb|Meyendorff|1982|p=19}}.</ref> noted for its art, architecture, science, medicine, and law.<ref>{{harvnb|Anastos|1962|p=409}}.</ref>

$The Round city of Baghdad was founded by caliph Al-Mansur in 762–766 CE as the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, setting the stage for the Islamic Golden Age beginning with the subsequent construction of the House of Wisdom. It is the fabled city in One Thousand and One Nights.<ref name="Netton">{{cite book |last1=Netton |first1=Ian Richard |title=Encyclopedia of Islamic Civilization and Religion |date=19 December 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-17967-0 |pages=80–81 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_Islamic_Civilization_and/J6JlAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |access-date=4 September 2020 |language=en |archive-date=1 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401104746/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_Islamic_Civilization_and/J6JlAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |url-status=live }}</ref>$

$Borobudur in Indonesia is the world's largest Buddhist monument and represents the Javanese and Malay empire of Srivijaya,<ref>{{cite web |title=Largest Buddhist Temple |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-buddhist-temple/ |website=Guinness World Records |publisher=Guinness World Records |access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref><ref name="Zakharov">{{cite web |last1=Zakharov |first1=Anton O. |title=The Śailendras Reconsidered |url=https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/nsc_working_paper_series_12.pdf |publisher=ISEAS |year=2012 |access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref><ref name="Dellios and Ferguson">{{cite web |last1=Dellios |first1=Rosita |last2=Ferguson |first2=James R. |title=Thinking Through Srivijaya: Polycentric Networks in Traditional Southeast Asia |url=http://web.isanet.org/Web/Conferences/GSCIS%20Singapore%202015/Archive/23e81aa1-2e38-42a5-86f5-d95c45e4d9ce.pdf |publisher=Bond University, Australia |year=2015 |access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref> a prominent seaborne civilization and center of scholarship whose religious, cultural, political, and economic influence spread throughout Southeast Asia and into China, India, Tibet, and Korea. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Takakasu |first1=Junjiro |title=A Record of the Buddhist Religion as Practised in India and the Malay Archipelago |url=https://archive.org/details/recordofbuddhist00ichi/page/184/mode/2up?view=theater |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1896 |access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Takakusu |first1=Junjiro |title=An Introduction to I-Tsing's Record of the Buddhist Religion as Practised in India and the Malay Archipelago (A.D. 671-695) |url=https://archive.org/details/recordofbuddhist00ichi/page/n45/mode/2up?view=theater |year=1896 |publisher=Oxford, The Clarendon press |access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref><ref name="sen">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |page=34}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Takakasu |first1=Junjiro |title=A Record of the Buddhist Religion as Practised in India and the Malay Archipelago |url=https://archive.org/details/recordofbuddhist00ichi/page/n45/mode/2up?view=theater |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1896 |access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref>$

Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow; the most popular icon of Russian civilization.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/russia/moscow/attractions/st-basils-cathedral/a/poi-sig/373447/360429|title=St Basil's Cathedral|work=Lonely Planet|access-date=10 March 2021}}</ref> Russian civilization has had a considerable influence on global culture, it also has a rich material culture and a tradition in science and technology.

Angkor Wat in Cambodia is the largest religious structure ever constructed in human history<ref>{{cite web |title=Largest Religious Structure |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-religious-structure |website=Guinness World Records |publisher=Guinness World Records |access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref> and represents the legacy of the Khmer Empire, one of the most influential civilizations of Southeast Asia and home to the world's biggest preindustrial city by area.<ref name="Bang et al.">{{cite book |last1=Bang |first1=Peter Fibiger |last2=Bayly |first2=C. A. |last3=Scheidel |first3=Walter |title=The Oxford World History of Empire: Volume Two: The History of Empires |date=2020 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=430–448 |isbn=978-0-19-753278-2 |edition=Volume Two |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6GkLEAAAQBAJ&q=khmer+empire+influence+tai&pg=PA430 |access-date=2021-06-06}}</ref><ref name="Evans et al.">{{cite journal |last1=Evans |first1=Damian |last2=Pottier |first2=Christophe |last3=Fletcher |first3=Roland |last4=Hensley |first4=Scott |last5=Tapley |first5=Ian |last6=Milne |first6=Anthony |last7=Barbetti |first7=Michael |title=A Comprehensive Archaeological Map of the World's Largest Preindustrial Settlement Complex at Angkor, Cambodia |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=4 September 2007 |volume=104 |issue=36 |pages=14277–14282 |publisher=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |doi=10.1073/pnas.0702525104 |pmid=17717084 |pmc=1964867 |bibcode=2007PNAS..10414277E |doi-access=free }}</ref>

$Nineveh was an ancient Assyrian city of Upper Mesopotamia, the Assyrian civilization noted for its sculpture, architecture, literature, law and astronomy. Modern Assyrians are Syriac Christians who claim descent from Assyria, one of the oldest civilizations in the world, dating back to 2500 BC in ancient Mesopotamia.<ref>{{cite book|author=A. Leo Oppenheim|title=Ancient Mesopotamia |url=https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/ancient_mesopotamia.pdf|year=1964|publisher=The University of Chicago Press}}</ref>$

Lalibela churches; among the most popular icon of Ethiopia, and represents the legacy of the Kingdom of Aksum, a Classical African civilization.<ref name="libraries">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iM-tASgYrDEC&q=%22classical+african+civilizations%22&pg=PA228|title=Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Academic Libraries: Multicultural Issues|first1=Deborah A.|last1=Curry|first2=Susan Griswold|last2=Blandy|first3=Lynne M.|last3=Martin|date=February 20, 1994|publisher=Haworth Press|isbn=9781560246565|via=Google Books}}</ref>

A civilization (or civilisation) is any complex society characterized by the development of a political state, social stratification, urbanization, and symbolic systems of communication beyond natural spoken language (namely, a writing system).

Milan

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City in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome.

Roman ruins in Milan: the Columns of San Lorenzo

The remains of the Milan amphitheatre, which can be found inside the archaeological park of the Antiquarium in Milan

The biscione eating a child on the Visconti coat of arms

The Medieval Porta Ticinese (1100), is one of the three medieval gates of the city that still exist in the modern Milan.

The late 16th-century city encircled by the Spanish walls

Milan during the plague of 1630: plague carts carry the dead for burial.

Ceremonial reception of Russian Field Marshal Alexander Suvorov in Milan, April 1799

Popular print depicting the "Five Days" uprising against Austrian rule.

Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II destroyed by Allied bombings, 1943

Palazzo Lombardia, headquarters of the regional government of Lombardy

Milan Cathedral is the largest Gothic cathedral in the world

Torre del Filarete of Sforza Castle (Castello Sforzesco), a historic medieval fortress.

Royal Villa of Milan, one of the finest examples of Neoclassical architecture in Lombardy

Art Deco Central railway station, the 8th busiest in Europe, opened in 1931

The Cimitero Monumentale, it is noted for the abundance of artistic tombs and monuments.

St. Ambrose Basilica dates back from AD 379–386

The skyscrapers of Porta Nuova business district

Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper, together with the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Museo del Novecento displays the world's largest collection of Futurist art.

Founded in 1778, La Scala is the world's most famous opera house.

Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II is one of the city's largest shopping centres.

San Siro Stadium, home of A.C. Milan and Inter Milan, has a capacity of 80,000. It is Italy's biggest stadium.

Mediolanum Forum, home of Olimpia Milano

The Monza Formula One circuit is located near the city, inside a suburban park.

Bocconi University is a leading institution for economics, management and related disciplines in Europe.

University of Milan Bicocca, the city's newest university, ranks as the 82nd best young college on over 300 institutions in the 2020 Times Higher Education World University Rankings.

Milan Metro is Italy's longest rapid transit system.

Today, Milan's conurbation extends well beyond the borders of the city proper and of its special-status provincial authority: its contiguous built-up urban area was home to 5,270,000 people in 2015, while its wider metropolitan area, the largest in Italy and fourth largest in the EU, is estimated to have a population of more than 8.2 million.

Tokyo is widely considered the world's largest city (by urban area and metropolitan area). The satellite image shows that its urbanization has exceeded its city limits.

List of largest cities

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The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities in all jurisdictions are classified using the same criteria.

Tokyo has a population of 39 million (urban area)

Jakarta has a population of 35 million (urban area)

Chongqing has a population of 32 million (city proper)

Delhi has a population of 31.87 million (urban area)

Seoul has a population of 25.51 million (metropolitan area)

Mumbai has a population of 24 million (metropolitan area)

Manila has a population of 23.97 million (urban area)

Cities may be defined as the cities proper, the extent of their urban area, or their metropolitan regions.

Johannesburg

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Largest city in South Africa, classified as a megacity, and is one of the 100 largest urban areas in the world.

The farm where gold was first discovered in 1886

Park Station in downtown Johannesburg in 2009

January 2008 Johannesburg aerial view looking towards the south-east

An aerial photograph of summer rain clouds over Johannesburg. The city's climate experiences regular daily thunderstorms from November to March in the afternoons.

Geographical distribution of home languages in Johannesburg

The Origins Centre museum at the University of the Witwatersrand viewed from across the M1

First game of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, South Africa vs Mexico

A board on the N3 indicating the exit for Johannesburg. The M1 is one of the busiest highways in Johannesburg.

The M2 in the afternoon as it passes through the Central Business District

The M1 is a major freeway in Johannesburg

In the same year, the population of Johannesburg's urban agglomeration was put at 8,000,000.

Rendering of a modern large-scale urban development in Kazan, Russia

Urbanism

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Study of how inhabitants of urban areas, such as towns and cities, interact with the built environment.

Urbanism theory writers of the late 20th century

Many architects, planners, geographers, and sociologists investigate the way people live in densely populated urban areas.

Urban density

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Urban density is a term used in urban planning and urban design to refer to the number of people inhabiting a given urbanized area.

Recife

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Town hall of Recife. A mural by Eduardo Kobra depicts Luiz Gonzaga.

Frevo was included on the UNESCO's list of intangible heritage.

School of Law at the Federal University of Pernambuco.

General Headquarters Command of Pernambuco Military Police.

Signs warning of shark attacks at Boa Viagem Beach.

Map of Recife and Mauritsstad, ca. 1682, Weduwe van Jacob van Meurs (publisher)

Recife is the fourth-largest urban area in Brazil with 4,054,866 inhabitants, the largest urban area of the North/Northeast Regions, and the capital and largest city of the state of Pernambuco in the northeast corner of South America.

Greater Buenos Aires

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Buenos Aires, city, and vicinities, Landsat 8 satellite image.

Greater Buenos Aires Metropolitan Rail Network.

Monte Grande (Esteban Echeverría Partido)

Pan-American Expressway, north of Buenos Aires

Greater Buenos Aires (Gran Buenos Aires, GBA), also known as the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, AMBA), refers to the urban agglomeration comprising the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and the adjacent 24 partidos (districts) in the Province of Buenos Aires.