A report on Vagus nerve

Plan of the upper portions of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves.

H&E stained fibers of the vagus nerve (bottom right) innervate the sinoatrial node tissue (middle left)

Inferior view of the human brain, with the cranial nerves labeled.

Section of the neck at about the level of the sixth cervical vertebra

Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery

Dura mater and its processes exposed by removing part of the right half of the skull, and the brain

Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive

Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view

Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ

The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses

The celiac ganglia with the sympathetic plexuses of the abdominal viscera radiating from the ganglia

The position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum, seen from behind

The thymus of a full-term fetus, exposed in situ

Cranial nerve that interfaces with the parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract.

- Vagus nerve

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Cardiac plexus

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Plexus of nerves situated at the base of the heart that innervates the heart.

It is formed by the superior cervical cardiac branch of the left sympathetic trunk and the inferior cardiac branch of the left vagus nerve.

Anterior vagal trunk

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The anterior vagal trunk is a branch of the vagus nerve which contributes to the esophageal plexus.

Jugular foramen

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One of the two large foramina (openings) in the base of the skull, located behind the carotid canal.

The intermediate compartment transmits the glossopharyngeal nerve, the vagus nerve, and the accessory nerve.

Pathway of upper portions of glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves. The inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve is labeled as ‘Gang. Nodosum’.

Inferior ganglion of vagus nerve

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Sensory ganglion of the peripheral nervous system.

It is located within the jugular foramen where the vagus nerve exits the skull.

Esophageal hiatus

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In human anatomy, the esophageal hiatus is an opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus and the vagus nerve pass.

Scheme showing the connections of the several parts of the brain. (Inferior peduncle labeled at bottom right.)

The upper part of the posterior district of the medulla oblongata is occupied by the inferior cerebellar peduncle, a thick rope-like strand situated between the lower part of the fourth ventricle and the roots of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves.

Figure 1. Diagram of the frog heart preparation used by Loewi. Vagus nerve stimulation slows heart rate while accelerator (sympathetic) nerve stimulation speeds up heart rate.

Vagusstoff

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Figure 2. Loewi's experiment proving that neurotransmision was chemical, rather than electrical.

Original records from Loewi's experiment in 1921. Saline from the stimulated heart was added to the unstimulated heart whenever the number "2" is indicated in the graph.

Vagusstoff (literally translated from German as "Vagus Substance") refers to the substance released by stimulation of the vagus nerve which causes a reduction in the heart rate.

Plan of upper portions of glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves. (Pharyngeal visible at center right.)

Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve

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The pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve, the principal motor nerve of the pharynx, arises from the upper part of the ganglion nodosum, and consists principally of filaments from the cranial portion of the accessory nerve.

Posterior vagal trunk

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The posterior vagal trunk is a branch of the vagus nerve which contributes to the esophageal plexus.

Central nervous system

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Part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord.

Dissection of a human brain with labels showing the clear division between white and gray matter.

Diagram of the columns and of the course of the fibers in the spinal cord. Sensory synapses occur in the dorsal spinal cord (above in this image), and motor nerves leave through the ventral (as well as lateral) horns of the spinal cord as seen below in the image.

Different ways in which the CNS can be activated without engaging the cortex, and making us aware of the actions. The above example shows the process in which the pupil dilates during dim light, activating neurons in the spinal cord. The second example shows the constriction of the pupil as a result of the activation of the Eddinger-Westphal nucleus (a cerebral ganglion).

A map over the different structures of the nervous systems in the body, showing the CNS, PNS, autonomic nervous system, and enteric nervous system.

Schematic image showing the locations of a few tracts of the spinal cord.

Reflexes may also occur without engaging more than one neuron of the CNS as in the below example of a short reflex.

Diagram depicting the main subdivisions of the embryonic vertebrate brain, later forming forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain.

The brainstem at large provides entry and exit to the brain for a number of pathways for motor and autonomic control of the face and neck through cranial nerves, Autonomic control of the organs is mediated by the tenth cranial nerve.