A report on Vein

The main veins in the human body
Branches of inferior vena cava
Video of venous valve in action
Venous valves prevent reverse blood flow.
Human anatomical chart of blood vessels, with heart, lungs, liver and kidneys included. Other organs are numbered and arranged around it. Before cutting out the figures on this page, Vesalius suggests that readers glue the page onto parchment and gives instructions on how to assemble the pieces and paste the multilayered figure onto a base "muscle man" illustration. "Epitome", fol.14a. HMD Collection, WZ 240 V575dhZ 1543.
Image of veins from William Harvey's Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus

Veins are blood vessels in humans, and most other animals that carry blood towards the heart.

- Vein
The main veins in the human body

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Overall

Heart

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Muscular organ in most animals.

Muscular organ in most animals.

Human heart during an autopsy
Computer-generated animation of a beating human heart
The human heart is in the middle of the thorax, with its apex pointing to the left.
Heart being dissected showing right and left ventricles, from above
Frontal section showing papillary muscles attached to the tricuspid valve on the right and to the mitral valve on the left via chordae tendineae.
Layers of the heart wall, including visceral and parietal pericardium
The swirling pattern of myocardium helps the heart pump effectively
Arterial supply to the heart (red), with other areas labelled (blue).
Autonomic innervation of the heart
Development of the human heart during the first eight weeks (top) and the formation of the heart chambers (bottom). In this figure, the blue and red colors represent blood inflow and outflow (not venous and arterial blood). Initially, all venous blood flows from the tail/atria to the ventricles/head, a very different pattern from that of an adult.
Blood flow through the valves
The cardiac cycle as correlated to the ECG
The x-axis reflects time with a recording of the heart sounds. The y-axis represents pressure.
Transmission of a cardiac action potential through the heart's conduction system
Conduction system of the heart
The prepotential is due to a slow influx of sodium ions until the threshold is reached followed by a rapid depolarization and repolarization. The prepotential accounts for the membrane reaching threshold and initiates the spontaneous depolarization and contraction of the cell; there is no resting potential.
3D echocardiogram showing the mitral valve (right), tricuspid and mitral valves (top left) and aortic valve (top right). The closure of the heart valves causes the heart sounds.
Cardiac cycle shown against ECG
Heart and its blood vessels, by Leonardo da Vinci, 15th century
Animated heart
Elize Ryd making a heart sign at a concert in 2018
The tube-like heart (green) of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae extends horizontally across the body, interlinked with the diamond-shaped wing muscles (also green) and surrounded by pericardial cells (red). Blue depicts cell nuclei.
Basic arthropod body structure – heart shown in red
The human heart viewed from the front
The human heart viewed from behind
The coronary circulation
The human heart viewed from the front and from behind
Frontal section of the human heart
An anatomical specimen of the heart
Heart illustration with circulatory system
Animated Heart 3d Model Rendered in Computer

Oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium, passes through the left ventricle and is pumped out through the aorta into systemic circulation, traveling through arteries, arterioles, and capillaries—where nutrients and other substances are exchanged between blood vessels and cells, losing oxygen and gaining carbon dioxide—before being returned to the heart through venules and veins.

The human circulatory system (simplified). Red indicates oxygenated blood carried in arteries. Blue indicates deoxygenated blood carried in veins. Capillaries join the arteries and veins.

Circulatory system

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System of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate.

System of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate.

The human circulatory system (simplified). Red indicates oxygenated blood carried in arteries. Blue indicates deoxygenated blood carried in veins. Capillaries join the arteries and veins.
Blood flow in the pulmonary and systemic circulations showing capillary networks in the torso sections
Diagram of the human heart viewed from the front
The pulmonary circulation as it passes from the heart. Showing both the pulmonary and bronchial arteries.
Capillary bed
Diagram of capillary network joining the arterial system with the venous system.
Depiction of the heart, major veins and arteries constructed from body scans
Animation of a typical human red blood cell cycle in the circulatory system. This animation occurs at a faster rate (~20 seconds of the average 60-second cycle) and shows the red blood cell deforming as it enters capillaries, as well as the bars changing color as the cell alternates in states of oxygenation along the circulatory system.
Magnetic resonance angiography of aberrant subclavian artery
The open circulatory system of the grasshopper – made up of a heart, vessels and hemolymph. The hemolymph is pumped through the heart, into the aorta, dispersed into the head and throughout the hemocoel, then back through the ostia in the heart and the process repeated.
Flatworms, such as this Pseudoceros bifurcus, lack specialized circulatory organs.
Two-chambered heart of a fish
Human anatomical chart of blood vessels, with heart, lungs, liver and kidneys included. Other organs are numbered and arranged around it. Before cutting out the figures on this page, Vesalius suggests that readers glue the page onto parchment and gives instructions on how to assemble the pieces and paste the multilayered figure onto a base "muscle man" illustration. "Epitome", fol.14a. HMD Collection, WZ 240 V575dhZ 1543.
Image of veins from William Harvey's Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus, 1628
Diagram of the human heart showing blood oxygenation to the pulmonary and systemic circulation

The network of blood vessels are the great vessels of the heart including large elastic arteries, and large veins; other arteries, smaller arterioles,

Diagram of an artery

Artery

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Blood vessel in humans and most other animals that takes blood away from the heart to one or more parts of the body (tissues, lungs, brain etc.).

Blood vessel in humans and most other animals that takes blood away from the heart to one or more parts of the body (tissues, lungs, brain etc.).

Diagram of an artery
Microscopic anatomy of an artery.
Cross-section of a human artery
Arteries form part of the human circulatory system
Diagram showing the effects of atherosclerosis on an artery.

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues, except for pulmonary arteries, which carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation (usually veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart but the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood as well).

Venous (darker) and arterial (brighter) blood

Blood

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Body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.

Body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.

Venous (darker) and arterial (brighter) blood
Hemoglobin, a globular protein green = haem (or heme) groups red & blue = protein subunits
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a normal red blood cell (left), a platelet (middle), and a white blood cell (right)
Vertebrate red blood cell types, measurements in micrometers
Frog red blood cells magnified 1000 times
Turtle red blood cells magnified 1000 times
Chicken red blood cells magnified 1000 times
Human red blood cells magnified 1000 times
Circulation of blood through the human heart
Basic hemoglobin saturation curve. It is moved to the right in higher acidity (more dissolved carbon dioxide) and to the left in lower acidity (less dissolved carbon dioxide)
Capillary blood from a bleeding finger
Venous blood collected during blood donation
Jan Janský is credited with the first classification of blood into four types (A, B, AB, and O)
Human blood fractioned by centrifugation: Plasma (upper, yellow layer), buffy coat (middle, thin white layer) and erythrocyte layer (bottom, red layer) can be seen.
Blood circulation: Red = oxygenated, blue = deoxygenated
Illustration depicting formed elements of blood
Two tubes of EDTA-anticoagulated blood.

In animals with lungs, arterial blood carries oxygen from inhaled air to the tissues of the body, and venous blood carries carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism produced by cells, from the tissues to the lungs to be exhaled.

Simple diagram of the human circulatory system

Blood vessel

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The blood vessels are the components of the circulatory system that transport blood throughout the human body.

The blood vessels are the components of the circulatory system that transport blood throughout the human body.

Simple diagram of the human circulatory system
Transmission electron micrograph of a blood vessel displaying an erythrocyte (red blood cell, E) within its lumen, endothelial cells forming its tunica intima (inner layer), and pericytes forming its tunica adventitia (outer layer).
Diagram of blood vessel structures
Constricted blood vessel.

There are five types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the arterioles; the capillaries, where the exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues occurs; the venules; and the veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back towards the heart.

The superior vena cava drains from the left and right brachiocephalic veins into the right atrium

Superior vena cava

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The superior vena cava drains from the left and right brachiocephalic veins into the right atrium
The superior vena cava drains from the left and right brachiocephalic veins into the right atrium
The thorax, viewed from the front, showing the superior vena cava between the heart and lungs.
Heart seen from above, with the valve-less entry of the superior vena cava visible on the right.
Superior vena cava in a cadaveric specimen.
Cross-section of the thorax showing the formation of the superior vena cava.

The superior vena cava (SVC) is the superior of the two venae cavae, the great venous trunks that return deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation to the right atrium of the heart.

Anterior (frontal) view of the opened heart. White arrows indicate normal blood flow.

Pulmonary vein

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Anterior (frontal) view of the opened heart. White arrows indicate normal blood flow.
Computed tomography of a normal lung, with different levels of pulmonary veins.
Bronchial anatomy
Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery.
Pulmonary vessels, seen in a dorsal view of the heart and lungs.

The pulmonary veins are the veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Anterior (frontal) view of the opened heart. White arrows indicate valid blood flow.

Inferior vena cava

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Large vein that carries the deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart.

Large vein that carries the deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart.

Anterior (frontal) view of the opened heart. White arrows indicate valid blood flow.
Branches of Inferior Vena Cava
Inferior vena cava
Inferior vena cava front view
Image of an inferior vena cava filter
Image showing an inferior vena cava filter in its position

The inferior vena cava is the lower ("inferior") of the two venae cavae, the two large veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium of the heart: the inferior vena cava carries blood from the lower half of the body whilst the superior vena cava carries blood from the upper half of the body.

The human heart and nearby structures, with superior and inferior vena cava labeled at left side of image.

Venae cavae

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The human heart and nearby structures, with superior and inferior vena cava labeled at left side of image.

The venae cavae (from the Latin for "hollow veins", singular "vena cava" ) are two large veins (great vessels) that return deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart.

Front view of heart showing the atria

Atrium (heart)

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One of two upper chambers in the heart that receives blood from the circulatory system.

One of two upper chambers in the heart that receives blood from the circulatory system.

Front view of heart showing the atria
Right heart anatomy
left atrial appendage shown at upper right
CT scan of the chest showing a thrombus in the left atrial appendage (left: axial plane, right: coronal plane)

By being partially empty and distensible, atria prevent the interruption of venous flow to the heart that would occur during ventricular systole if the veins ended at the inlet valves of the heart.