Vienna

Depiction of Vienna in the Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493

Vienna from Belvedere by Bernardo Bellotto, 1758

Vienna's Ringstraße and the State Opera in around 1870

Crowds greet Adolf Hitler as he rides in an open car through Vienna in March 1938

Karlskirche, located on the south side of Karlsplatz in the 4th city district

Map of the districts of Vienna with numbers

The Ring Road (Ringstraße) with a historical tram

The Debating Chamber of the former House of Deputies of Austria in the parliament

Interior of Vienna's historical Rathaus, the seat of city mayor

Monument of Johann Strauss II at Stadtpark, Vienna

Statue of Mozart during spring in Vienna

Courtyard of the Museumsquartier with Enzi seating furniture

Statue of Friedrich Schiller in front of the Academy of Fine Arts

The Vienna University of Economics and Business

The University of Vienna's main building

A typical Heurigen-Restaurant in Grinzing

Vienna Airport terminal 3 arrivals lounge

UN complex in Vienna, with the Austria Center Vienna in front, taken from the Danube Tower in the nearby Donaupark before the extensive building work

Many international organizations and offices are located in Donaustadt.

National capital, largest city, and one of nine states of Austria.

- Vienna

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Hofburg

Former principal imperial palace of the Habsburg dynasty.

Reconstructive drawing of the appearance of the castle until the 16th century

The Swiss Gate (Schweizertor), original main gate

Austrian Crown Jewels kept in the treasury in the Swiss Wing of the Hofburg

Imperial Chancellery Wing (Reichskanzleitrakt)

Statue of Emperor Joseph II on Joseph Square, left the Court Library, right the Redoute Wing

Wedding Supper at Redoutensaal by Martin van Meytens- the wedding of Princess Isabella of Parma and Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor

The Hall of Festivities during a concert of the Vienna Hofburg Orchestra

Statue of Hercules slaying the Lernaean Hydra, exterior façade statuary on St. Michael's Wing

Prince Eugene of Savoy monument directly in front of the Hofburg

Located in the centre of Vienna, it was built in the 13th century and expanded several times afterwards.

Created after the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 10 September 1919—the settlement after the end of World War I which ended the Habsburg rump state of Republic of German-Austria—and ended with the establishment of the Austrofascist Federal State of Austria based upon a dictatorship of Engelbert Dollfuss and the Fatherland's Front in 1934.

One of the many apartment buildings built in Red Vienna

Dollfuss addressing the League of Nations in 1933

Austrian soldiers during the brief civil war of 1934

Vienna, with its population of almost 2 million, was left as an imperial capital without an empire to feed it.

Second Viennese School

Prime, retrograde, inverse, and retrograde-inverse permutations.

The Second Viennese School (Zweite Wiener Schule, Neue Wiener Schule) was the group of composers that comprised Arnold Schoenberg and his pupils, particularly Alban Berg and Anton Webern, and close associates in early 20th-century Vienna.

Siege of Vienna (1529)

Contemporary 1529 engraving of clashes between the Austrians and Ottomans outside Vienna, by Bartel Beham

Portrait of Suleiman the Magnificent by Cristofano dell'Altissimo

Panoramic view of Vienna during the first Turkish siege, by Nikolaus Meldemann, 1530, Wien Museum

St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna, used as the informal headquarters of the Austrian resistance by Niklas Graf Salm, appointed head of the mercenary relief force.

Depiction of German Landsknechts circa 1530, renowned mercenary infantry of the Renaissance period, famous for their pikes, long halberds, and Zweihänder swords.

An Ottoman depiction of the siege from the 16th century, housed in the Istanbul Hachette Art Museum

The siege of Vienna, in 1529, was the first attempt by the Ottoman Empire to capture the city of Vienna, Austria.

World War I

World War I or the First World War, often abbreviated as WWI or WW1, began on 28 July 1914 and ended on 11 November 1918.

Clockwise from the top: The road to Bapaume in the aftermath of the Battle of the Somme, 1916

British Mark V tanks crossing the Hindenburg Line, 1918

sinking after hitting a mine in the Dardanelles, 1915

A British Vickers machine gun crew wearing gas masks during the Battle of the Somme, 1916

German Albatros D.III biplane fighters near Douai, France, 1917

Rival military coalitions in 1914: Triple Entente in green; Triple Alliance in brown. Only the Triple Alliance was a formal "alliance"; the others listed were informal patterns of support.

, a, Germany's first response to the British Dreadnought

Sarajevo citizens reading a poster with the proclamation of the Austrian annexation in 1908

Traditionally thought to show the arrest of Gavrilo Princip (right), historians now believe this photo depicts an innocent bystander, Ferdinand Behr

Crowds on the streets in the aftermath of the anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo, 29 June 1914

Ethno-linguistic map of Austria-Hungary, 1910. Bosnia-Herzegovina was annexed in 1908.

Cheering crowds in London and Paris on the day war was declared.

German soldiers on the way to the front in 1914; at this stage, all sides expected the conflict to be a short one.

French bayonet charge during the Battle of the Frontiers; by the end of August, French casualties exceeded 260,000, including 75,000 dead.

The British Indian infantry divisions were withdrawn from France in December 1915, and sent to Mesopotamia.

Trenches of the 11th Cheshire Regiment at Ovillers-la-Boisselle, on the Somme, July 1916

Royal Irish Rifles in a communications trench, first day on the Somme, 1916

King George V (front left) and a group of officials inspect a British munitions factory in 1917.

U-155 exhibited near Tower Bridge in London, after the 1918 Armistice

Refugee transport from Serbia in Leibnitz, Styria, 1914

Bulgarian soldiers in a trench, preparing to fire against an incoming aeroplane

Austro-Hungarian troops executing captured Serbians, 1917. Serbia lost about 850,000 people during the war, a quarter of its pre-war population.

Australian troops charging near a Turkish trench during the Gallipoli Campaign

Mehmed V greeting Wilhelm II on his arrival at Constantinople

Kaiser Wilhelm II inspecting Turkish troops of the 15th Corps in East Galicia, Austria-Hungary (now Poland). Prince Leopold of Bavaria, the Supreme Commander of the German Army on the Eastern Front, is second from the left.

Russian forest trench at the Battle of Sarikamish, 1914–1915

Austro-Hungarian trench at 3,850 metres in the Ortler Alps, one of the most challenging fronts of the war

Romanian troops during the Battle of Mărășești, 1917

Emperor Nicholas II and Commander-in-Chief Nikolai Nikolaevich in the captured Przemysl. The Russian Siege of Przemyśl was the longest siege of the war.

"They shall not pass", a phrase typically associated with the defence of Verdun

President Wilson asking Congress to declare war on Germany, 2 April 1917

The Allied Avenue, 1917 painting by Childe Hassam, that depicts Manhattan's Fifth Avenue decorated with flags from Allied nations

French infantry advance on the Chemin des Dames, April 1917

Canadian Corps troops at the Battle of Vimy Ridge, 1917

10.5 cm Feldhaubitze 98/09 and Ottoman artillerymen at Hareira in 1917 before the Southern Palestine offensive

British artillery battery on Mount Scopus in the Battle of Jerusalem, 1917. Foreground, a battery of 16 heavy guns. Background, conical tents and support vehicles.

Ottoman troops during the Mesopotamian campaign

French soldiers under General Gouraud, with machine guns amongst the ruins of a cathedral near the Marne, 1918

British 55th (West Lancashire) Division soldiers blinded by tear gas during the Battle of Estaires, 10 April 1918

Between April and November 1918, the Allies increased their front-line rifle strength while German strength fell by half.

Aerial view of ruins of Vaux-devant-Damloup, France, 1918

16th Bn (Canadian Scottish), advancing during the Battle of the Canal du Nord, 1918

An American major, piloting an observation balloon near the front, 1918

Italian troops reach Trento during the Battle of Vittorio Veneto, 1918. Italy's victory marked the end of the war on the Italian Front and secured the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Ferdinand Foch, second from right, pictured outside the carriage in Compiègne after agreeing to the armistice that ended the war there. The carriage was later chosen by Nazi Germany as the symbolic setting of Pétain's June 1940 armistice.

The signing of the Treaty of Versailles in the Hall of Mirrors, Versailles, 28 June 1919, by Sir William Orpen

Greek prime minister Eleftherios Venizelos signing the Treaty of Sèvres

Dissolution of Austria-Hungary after war

Map of territorial changes in Europe after World WarI (as of 1923)

Emergency military hospital during the Spanish flu pandemic, which killed about 675,000 people in the United States alone, Camp Funston, Kansas, 1918

Tanks on parade in London at the end of World War I

38-cm "Lange Max" of Koekelare (Leugenboom),the biggest gun in the world in 1917

A Canadian soldier with mustard gas burns, c. 1917–1918

Royal Air Force Sopwith Camel. In April 1917, the average life expectancy of a British pilot on the Western Front was 93 flying hours.

Luftstreitkräfte Fokker Dr.I being inspected by Manfred von Richthofen, also known as the Red Baron.

Mobile radio station in German South West Africa, using a hydrogen balloon to lift the antenna

Austro-Hungarian soldiers executing men and women in Serbia, 1916

French soldiers making a gas and flame attack on German trenches in Flanders

Armenians killed during the Armenian Genocide. Image taken from Ambassador Morgenthau's Story, written by Henry Morgenthau Sr. and published in 1918.

German prisoners in a French prison camp during the later part of the war

British prisoners guarded by Ottoman forces after the First Battle of Gaza in 1917

Poster urging women to join the British war effort, published by the Young Women's Christian Association

Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps First Contingent in Bermuda, winter 1914–1915, before joining 1 Lincolnshire Regiment in France in June 1915. The dozen remaining after Guedecourt on 25 September 1916, merged with a Second Contingent. The two contingents suffered 75% casualties.

Sackville Street (now O'Connell Street) after the 1916 Easter Rising in Dublin

The Deserter, 1916: Anti-war cartoon depicting Jesus facing a firing squad with soldiers from five European countries

Possible execution at Verdun at the time of the mutinies in 1917. The original French text accompanying this photograph notes, however, that the uniforms are those of 1914–15 and that the execution may be that of a spy at the beginning of the war.

Bolshevik leaders Lenin and Trotsky promised "Peace, Land and Bread" to the impoverished masses

Young men registering for conscription, New York City, 5 June 1917

Military recruitment in Melbourne, Australia, 1914

British volunteer recruits in London, August 1914

1917 political cartoon about the Zimmermann Telegram. The message was intercepted by the British; its publication caused outrage and contributed to the U.S. entry into World War I.

The Italian Redipuglia War Memorial, which contains the remains of 100,187 soldiers

A typical village war memorial to soldiers killed in World War I

A 1919 book for veterans, from the US War Department

War memorial to soldiers of the 49th Bengalee Regiment (Bangali Platoon) in Kolkata, India, who died in the war.

According to historian Zbyněk Zeman, his reaction was reflected more broadly in Vienna, where "the event almost failed to make any impression whatsoever. On Sunday 28 June and Monday 29th, the crowds listened to music and drank wine, as if nothing had happened."

Vienna

Hofburg

First Austrian Republic

Second Viennese School

Siege of Vienna (1529)

World War I

Adolf Loos

Anton Bruckner

Allied-occupied Austria

Psychoanalysis

Vienna State Opera