A report on Volcano

Bromo volcano in Indonesia. This country has more than 130 active volcanoes, one of which is a supervolcano, making Indonesia the country with the most active volcanoes in the world.
Cordillera de Apaneca volcanic range in El Salvador. The country is home to 170 volcanoes, 23 which are active, including two calderas, one being a supervolcano. El Salvador has earned the epithets endearment La Tierra de Soberbios Volcanes, (The Land of Magnificent Volcanoes).
Sabancaya volcano erupting, Peru in 2017
Cleveland Volcano in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska photographed from the International Space Station, May 2006
An eruption of Mount Pinatubo on June 12, 1991, three days before its climactic eruption
Fountain of lava erupting from a volcanic cone in Hawaii, 1983
Aerial view of the Barren Island, Andaman Islands, India, during an eruption in 1995. It is the only active volcano in South Asia.
Map showing the divergent plate boundaries (oceanic spreading ridges) and recent sub-aerial volcanoes (mostly at convergent boundaries)
Lakagigar fissure vent in Iceland, the source of the major world climate alteration of 1783–84, has a chain of volcanic cones along its length.
Skjaldbreiður, a shield volcano whose name means "broad shield"
Izalco volcano, the youngest volcano in El Salvador. Izalco erupted almost continuously from 1770 (when it formed) to 1958, earning it the nickname of "Lighthouse of the Pacific".
Cross-section through a stratovolcano (vertical scale is exaggerated):
Satellite images of the 15 January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai
Pāhoehoe lava flow on Hawaii. The picture shows overflows of a main lava channel.
The Stromboli stratovolcano off the coast of Sicily has erupted continuously for thousands of years, giving rise to its nickname "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean"
Columnar-jointed basalt lava erupted from a volcano, South Penghu Marine National Park in Taiwan
Light-microscope image of tuff as seen in thin section (long dimension is several mm): The curved shapes of altered glass shards (ash fragments) are well preserved, although the glass is partly altered. The shapes were formed around bubbles of expanding, water-rich gas.
Fresco with Mount Vesuvius behind Bacchus and Agathodaemon, as seen in Pompeii's House of the Centenary
Narcondam Island, India, is classified as a dormant volcano by the Geological Survey of India
Fourpeaked volcano, Alaska, in September 2006 after being thought extinct for over 10,000 years
Mount Rinjani eruption in 1994, in Lombok, Indonesia
Shiprock in New Mexico, US
Capulin Volcano National Monument in New Mexico, US
Koryaksky volcano towering over Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky on Kamchatka Peninsula, Far Eastern Russia
Schematic of volcano injection of aerosols and gases
Solar radiation graph 1958–2008, showing how the radiation is reduced after major volcanic eruptions
Sulfur dioxide concentration over the Sierra Negra Volcano, Galapagos Islands, during an eruption in October 2005
Comparison of major United States supereruptions (VEI 7 and 8) with major historical volcanic eruptions in the 19th and 20th century. From left to right: Yellowstone 2.1 Ma, Yellowstone 1.3 Ma, Long Valley 6.26 Ma, Yellowstone 0.64 Ma . 19th century eruptions: Tambora 1815, Krakatoa 1883. 20th century eruptions: Novarupta 1912, St. Helens 1980, Pinatubo 1991.
The Tvashtar volcano erupts a plume 330 km (205 mi) above the surface of Jupiter's moon Io.
Olympus Mons (Latin, "Mount Olympus"), located on the planet Mars, is the tallest known mountain in the Solar System.

Rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

- Volcano
Bromo volcano in Indonesia. This country has more than 130 active volcanoes, one of which is a supervolcano, making Indonesia the country with the most active volcanoes in the world.

121 related topics with Alpha

Overall
Satellite animation of the initial eruption column and shockwave from Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai on 15 January 2022

Eruption column

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Cloud of super-heated ash and tephra suspended in gases emitted during an explosive volcanic eruption.

Cloud of super-heated ash and tephra suspended in gases emitted during an explosive volcanic eruption.

Satellite animation of the initial eruption column and shockwave from Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai on 15 January 2022
Eruption column over Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines, 1991
Eruption column rising over Redoubt Volcano, Alaska
The eruption column produced by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens as seen from the village of Toledo, Washington.

If it does happen, then material reaching the bottom of the convective thrust region can no longer be adequately supported by convection and will fall under gravity, forming a pyroclastic flow or surge which can travel down the slopes of a volcano at speeds of over 100-200 kph.

Sunset Crater

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Cinder cone located north of Flagstaff in the U.S. state of Arizona.

Cinder cone located north of Flagstaff in the U.S. state of Arizona.

Sunset Crater is the youngest in a string of volcanoes (the San Francisco volcanic field) that is related to the nearby San Francisco Peaks.

Parasitic cone (in foreground) with larger main cone in background, at Piton de la Fournaise volcano on the island of Réunion.

Parasitic cone

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Parasitic cone (in foreground) with larger main cone in background, at Piton de la Fournaise volcano on the island of Réunion.

A parasitic cone (also adventive cone or satellite cone) is the cone-shaped accumulation of volcanic material not part of the central vent of a volcano.

The volcanic zones of the Andes

Huaynaputina

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The volcanic zones of the Andes
Map of the tephra fallout
1615 illustration of the ashfall on Arequipa
The church of the Jamestown colony, where the eruption appears to have caused a drought and high mortality
A 1650 map of California. The belief that it was an island may have been promoted by the flooding caused by the Huaynaputina eruption.
A 19th century engraving showing the 1601 famine in Russia

Huaynaputina is a volcano in a volcanic high plateau in southern Peru.

Yukon

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Smallest and westernmost of Canada's three territories.

Smallest and westernmost of Canada's three territories.

The Yukon River at Schwatka Lake and the entry to Miles Canyon
Köppen climate types in Yukon
Hill-side mining during the Klondike Gold Rush, c. 1899
A conveyor belt and cart outside of a mine tunnel in the Yukon. The economy of the territory has historically been centred around mining.
Ivvavik National Park is one of three national parks located in Yukon.
The Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre is an interpretive centre with a focus on the Beringia land bridge.
A musher during the start of the Yukon Quest dog sledding race in Whitehorse
The Yukon Legislative Building is the meeting place for the territory's legislative assembly.
Distribution of Yukon's eight municipalities by type
From the early 19th century to 1870, the areas that made up the Yukon were administered by the Hudson's Bay Company as the North-Western Territory.
Erik Nielsen Whitehorse International Airport serves as the air transport hub for Yukon.
The Klondike Highway is one of several territorial highways in Yukon.

The volcanic eruption of Mount Churchill in approximately 800 AD in what is now the U.S. state of Alaska blanketed the southern Yukon with a layer of ash which can still be seen along the Klondike Highway, and which forms part of the oral tradition of First Nations peoples in the Yukon and further south in Canada.

A cross-section of a geyser in action

Geyser

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Spring characterized by an intermittent discharge of water ejected turbulently and accompanied by steam.

Spring characterized by an intermittent discharge of water ejected turbulently and accompanied by steam.

A cross-section of a geyser in action
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Hyperthermophiles produce some of the bright colors of Grand Prismatic Spring, Yellowstone National Park
Distribution of major geysers in the world.
The geyser Strokkur in Iceland – a tourist spot.

Generally all geyser field sites are located near active volcanic areas, and the geyser effect is due to the proximity of magma.

Easter Island

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Island and special territory of Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania.

Island and special territory of Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania.

Traditional cultivars of sweet potato (kumara) were staple crops on Polynesian Rapa Nui
Moai at Rano Raraku, Easter Island
A View of the Monuments of Easter Island, Rapanui, c. undefined 1775–1776 by William Hodges.
Rapa Nui people, painted by Louis Choris, 1816
Motu Nui islet, part of the Birdman Cult ceremony
Jacob Roggeveen analyzing a Moai statue, 18th-century engraving.
La Pérouse at Easter Island in 1786
"Queen Mother" Koreto with her daughters "Queen" Caroline and Harriette in 1877
General Pinochet posing with a young Rapa Nui woman
Manu Piri symbolizes love and union between two people. The slogan of the current administration is "Rapa Nui hai mahatu", translated as "Rapa Nui with love".
Souvenir Moai from Rapa Nui, bought at the Artisan's Market, 2020
Easter Island, Isla Salas y Gómez, South America and the islands in between
Detailed map of Rapa Nui/Easter Island
Typical landscape on Easter Island; rounded extinct volcanoes covered in low vegetation.
Bird paintings in the cave called "Cave of the Men Eaters"
Two ahu at Hanga Roa. In foreground Ahu Ko Te Riku (with a pukao on its head). In the mid-ground is a side view of an ahu with five moai showing retaining wall, platform, ramp and pavement. The Mataveri end of Hanga Roa is visible in the background with Rano Kau rising above it.
A Hare Moa, a Chicken House, image cut from a laser scan collected by nonprofit CyArk.
Sample of rongorongo
Ancestor figure, circa 1830, from LACMA collections
Satellite view of Easter Island 2019. The Poike peninsula is on the right.
Digital recreation of its ancient landscape, with tropical forest and palm trees
Hanga Roa seen from Terevaka, the highest point of the island
View of Rano Kau and Pacific Ocean
Tukuturi, an unusual bearded kneeling moai
All fifteen standing moai at Ahu Tongariki, excavated and restored in the 1990s
Ahu Akivi, one of the few inland ahu, with the only moai facing the ocean
Makemake with two birdmen, carved from red scoria
Fish petroglyph found near Ahu Tongariki
Polynesian dancing with feather costumes is on the tourist itinerary.
Hanga Roa town hall
Fishing boats
Front view of the Catholic Church, Hanga Roa
Catholic Church, Hanga Roa
Interior view of the Catholic Church in Hanga Roa

Easter Island is a volcanic high island, consisting mainly of three extinct coalesced volcanoes: Terevaka (altitude 507 metres) forms the bulk of the island, while two other volcanoes, Poike and Rano Kau, form the eastern and southern headlands and give the island its roughly triangular shape.

Vulcan, wearing an exomis (tunic) and pilos (conical hat)

Vulcan (mythology)

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Vulcan, wearing an exomis (tunic) and pilos (conical hat)
A fresco of Vulcan-Hephaestus in Pompeii
Andrea Mantegna: Parnas, Vulcan, god of fire
Punishment of Ixion: in the center is Mercury holding the caduceus and on the right Juno sits on her throne. Behind her Iris stands and gestures. On the left is Vulcanus (blond figure) standing behind the wheel, manning it, with Ixion already tied to it. Nephele sits at Mercury's feet; a Roman fresco from the eastern wall of the triclinium in the House of the Vettii, Pompeii, Fourth Style (60–79 AD).
Venus in the Forge of Vulcan by Pieter Thijs
The Forge of Vulcan by Diego Velázquez, (1630).

Vulcan (Vulcanus, in archaically retained spelling also Volcanus, both pronounced ) is the god of fire including the fire of volcanoes, deserts, metalworking and the forge in ancient Roman religion and myth.

Lake Taupō

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Large crater lake in New Zealand's North Island, located in the caldera of the Taupō Volcano.

Large crater lake in New Zealand's North Island, located in the caldera of the Taupō Volcano.

NASA satellite photo of Lake Taupō
Wharf and small jetty where the Waikato River departs the lake, 1928
Māori rock carvings at Mine Bay are over 10 metres high and accessible only by boat or kayak.

According to geological records, the volcano has erupted 29 times in the last 30,000 years.

Viking 1 orbiter view of Olympus Mons with its summit caldera, escarpment, and aureole

Olympus Mons

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Large shield volcano on Mars.

Large shield volcano on Mars.

Viking 1 orbiter view of Olympus Mons with its summit caldera, escarpment, and aureole
Colorized topographic map of Olympus Mons and its surrounding aureole, from the MOLA instrument of Mars Global Surveyor.
Olympus Rupes, the northern part of Olympus Mons.
Mars Global Surveyor image showing lava flows of different ages at the base of Olympus Mons. The flat plain is the younger flow. The older flow has lava channels with levees along the edges. Levees are quite common to lava flows on Mars.
Lava flows on Olympus Mons with older and younger flows labeled, as viewed by HiRISE during the HiWish program.
Calderas on the summit of Olympus Mons. The youngest calderas form circular collapse craters. Older calderas appear as semicircular segments because they are transected by the younger calderas.
Oblique view of Olympus Mons, from a Viking image mosaic overlain on MOLA altimetry data, showing the volcano's asymmetry. The view is from the NNE; vertical exaggeration is 10×. The wider, gently sloping northern flank is to the right. The more narrow and steeply sloping southern flank (left) has low, rounded terraces, features interpreted as thrust faults. The volcano's basal escarpment is prominent.
Detailed THEMIS daytime infrared image mosaic of Olympus Mons.

It is the largest and highest mountain and volcano of the Solar System, and is associated with the Tharsis Montes, a large volcanic region on Mars.