A report on Volcano

Bromo volcano in Indonesia. This country has more than 130 active volcanoes, one of which is a supervolcano, making Indonesia the country with the most active volcanoes in the world.
Cordillera de Apaneca volcanic range in El Salvador. The country is home to 170 volcanoes, 23 which are active, including two calderas, one being a supervolcano. El Salvador has earned the epithets endearment La Tierra de Soberbios Volcanes, (The Land of Magnificent Volcanoes).
Sabancaya volcano erupting, Peru in 2017
Cleveland Volcano in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska photographed from the International Space Station, May 2006
An eruption of Mount Pinatubo on June 12, 1991, three days before its climactic eruption
Fountain of lava erupting from a volcanic cone in Hawaii, 1983
Aerial view of the Barren Island, Andaman Islands, India, during an eruption in 1995. It is the only active volcano in South Asia.
Map showing the divergent plate boundaries (oceanic spreading ridges) and recent sub-aerial volcanoes (mostly at convergent boundaries)
Lakagigar fissure vent in Iceland, the source of the major world climate alteration of 1783–84, has a chain of volcanic cones along its length.
Skjaldbreiður, a shield volcano whose name means "broad shield"
Izalco volcano, the youngest volcano in El Salvador. Izalco erupted almost continuously from 1770 (when it formed) to 1958, earning it the nickname of "Lighthouse of the Pacific".
Cross-section through a stratovolcano (vertical scale is exaggerated):
Satellite images of the 15 January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai
Pāhoehoe lava flow on Hawaii. The picture shows overflows of a main lava channel.
The Stromboli stratovolcano off the coast of Sicily has erupted continuously for thousands of years, giving rise to its nickname "Lighthouse of the Mediterranean"
Columnar-jointed basalt lava erupted from a volcano, South Penghu Marine National Park in Taiwan
Light-microscope image of tuff as seen in thin section (long dimension is several mm): The curved shapes of altered glass shards (ash fragments) are well preserved, although the glass is partly altered. The shapes were formed around bubbles of expanding, water-rich gas.
Fresco with Mount Vesuvius behind Bacchus and Agathodaemon, as seen in Pompeii's House of the Centenary
Narcondam Island, India, is classified as a dormant volcano by the Geological Survey of India
Fourpeaked volcano, Alaska, in September 2006 after being thought extinct for over 10,000 years
Mount Rinjani eruption in 1994, in Lombok, Indonesia
Shiprock in New Mexico, US
Capulin Volcano National Monument in New Mexico, US
Koryaksky volcano towering over Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky on Kamchatka Peninsula, Far Eastern Russia
Schematic of volcano injection of aerosols and gases
Solar radiation graph 1958–2008, showing how the radiation is reduced after major volcanic eruptions
Sulfur dioxide concentration over the Sierra Negra Volcano, Galapagos Islands, during an eruption in October 2005
Comparison of major United States supereruptions (VEI 7 and 8) with major historical volcanic eruptions in the 19th and 20th century. From left to right: Yellowstone 2.1 Ma, Yellowstone 1.3 Ma, Long Valley 6.26 Ma, Yellowstone 0.64 Ma . 19th century eruptions: Tambora 1815, Krakatoa 1883. 20th century eruptions: Novarupta 1912, St. Helens 1980, Pinatubo 1991.
The Tvashtar volcano erupts a plume 330 km (205 mi) above the surface of Jupiter's moon Io.
Olympus Mons (Latin, "Mount Olympus"), located on the planet Mars, is the tallest known mountain in the Solar System.

Rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

- Volcano
Bromo volcano in Indonesia. This country has more than 130 active volcanoes, one of which is a supervolcano, making Indonesia the country with the most active volcanoes in the world.

121 related topics with Alpha

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Location of Yellowstone hotspot over time. Numbers indicate millions of years before the present.

Supervolcano

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Location of Yellowstone hotspot over time. Numbers indicate millions of years before the present.
Satellite image of Lake Toba, the site of a VEI 8 eruption c. 75,000 years ago
Cross-section through Long Valley Caldera
400 px
Volcano, lake, and caldera locations in the Taupō Volcanic Zone
Map of known VEI 7 and VEI 8 volcanoes around the world: Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 8 (Supervolcanoes) Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 7

A supervolcano is a volcano that has had an eruption with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 8, the largest recorded value on the index.

Santorini

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Island in the southern Aegean Sea, about 200 km (120 mi) southeast from the Greek mainland.

Island in the southern Aegean Sea, about 200 km (120 mi) southeast from the Greek mainland.

Santorini Panorama Caldera
Springtime landscape in a Fresco from the Bronze Age, Akrotiri
The "saffron-gatherers"
Stoa Basilica of ancient Thera
Aerial view of the island of Santorini with detail of Profitis Ilias (Santorini) and the ruins of ancient Thera (on the promontory on the left)
Picture of a young girl of Santorini, Cultural Center Megaro Gyzi, Fira
Skaros Rock, originally the location of medieval fortifications
The Byzantine Church of Panagia Episkopi
Pyrgos Kallistis village
Presentation of the Theotokos church, Pyrgos village
Detailed map of Santorini and nearby islands
Three-dimensional CGI aerial spinning view of Santorini island
Volcanic craters at Santorini (2011 photo)
Fira from Nea Kameni volcanic Island
Recent aerial image of the volcano crater
Partial panoramic view of the Santorini caldera, taken from Oia.
Sacks with fava Santorinis
Houses built on the edge of the caldera
Emporeio village
View of Imerovigli, example of Cycladic architecture
Satellite image of Santorini caldera. The large island to the east is Thera, with Aspronisi and Therasia making up the rest of the caldera ring, clockwise. In the centre is the larger Nea Kameni and the smaller Palea Kameni.
Firostefani village
Street of Firostefani
Santorini airport viewed from ancient Thera.
Ferry and cruise ship in the caldera 2013

The pipes run in twin systems, indicating that Therans used both hot and cold water supplies; the origin of the hot water probably was geothermic, given the volcano's proximity.

Clouds forming over Koryaksky (1936)

Koryaksky

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Clouds forming over Koryaksky (1936)
Koryaksky seen from neighbouring Avachinsky's peak, in 1985

Koryaksky or Koryakskaya Sopka (Коря́кская со́пка) is an active volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East.

Mount Tambora and its surroundings as seen from space

Mount Tambora

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Active stratovolcano in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.

Active stratovolcano in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.

Mount Tambora and its surroundings as seen from space
View of Mount Rinjani from Mount Tambora. Viewing distance is 165 km.
Plate boundaries of Indonesia, with the location of Mount Tambora to the lower right of "11"
Estimated depth of volcanic ashfall during the 1815 eruption—the outermost region (1 cm) reached Borneo and the Sulawesi islands
Sulfate concentration in ice core from Central Greenland, dated by counting oxygen isotope seasonal variations. There is an unknown eruption around the 1810s.
Size comparison of Mount Tambora ("Pompeii of the East") and Mount Vesuvius ("Pompeii")
The floor of the caldera of Mount Tambora, looking north
Tephra layers near the caldera (left) and summit (background) of Mount Tambora
An infrared image of Mount Tambora (north is on the left)

The magma chamber under Tambora had been drained by previous eruptions and underwent several centuries of dormancy as it refilled.

This 3D panoramic view of Mount Teide was created using SRTM data (160% elevation).

Teide

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This 3D panoramic view of Mount Teide was created using SRTM data (160% elevation).
Synthetic-aperture radar image of Tenerife with different volcanic massifs labeled
Summary diagram for formation of Tenerife through to current Teide volcano
Echium wildpretii on Tenerife
Southern Tenerife lizard (Gallotia galloti galloti)
Shadow of Teide at dawn
Mount Teide from a distance with a cloud at the top
Teide Observatory
Coat of arms of Tenerife
Flag of Tenerife
Logo of the Cabildo de Tenerife.
Old bill of 1000-peseta

Teide, or Mount Teide, (El Teide, Pico del Teide,, "Teide Peak") is a volcano on Tenerife in the Canary Islands, Spain.

Alaska

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State located in the Western United States on the northwest extremity of North America.

State located in the Western United States on the northwest extremity of North America.

A modern Alutiiq dancer in traditional festival garb
The Russian settlement of St. Paul's Harbor (present-day Kodiak town), Kodiak Island, 1814
Miners and prospectors climb the Chilkoot Trail during the 1898 Klondike Gold Rush
U.S. troops navigate snow and ice during the Battle of Attu in May 1943
Alaska's size compared with the 48 contiguous states (Albers equal-area conic projection)
Denali is the highest peak in North America.
Although entirely east of the International Date Line (the triangular kink in the line was agreed upon the US acquisition of Alaska), the Aleutian Islands cross the 180th meridian, such that they contain both the westernmost (Amatignak) and the easternmost (Semisopochnoi) points in the United States
Anchorage, Alaska's largest city
Fairbanks, Alaska's second-largest city and by a significant margin the largest city in Alaska's interior
Juneau, Alaska's third-largest city and its capital
Bethel, the largest city in the Unorganized Borough and in rural Alaska
Homer, showing (from bottom to top) the edge of downtown, its airport and the Spit
Utqiaġvik (Browerville neighborhood near Eben Hopson Middle School shown), known colloquially for many years by the nickname "Top of the World", is the northernmost city in the United States.
Cordova, built in the early 20th century to support the Kennecott Mines and the Copper River and Northwestern Railway, has persevered as a fishing community since their closure.
Main Street in Talkeetna
Alaska has more acreage of public land owned by the federal government than any other state.
Köppen climate types of Alaska
Map of the largest racial/ethnic group by borough. Red indicates Native American, blue indicates non-Hispanic white, and green indicates Asian. Darker shades indicate a higher proportion of the population.
St. Michael's Russian Orthodox Cathedral in downtown Sitka
Gold Rush-era Baptist church in Eagle
Aerial view of infrastructure at the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field
The Trans-Alaska Pipeline transports oil, Alaska's most financially important export, from the North Slope to Valdez. The heat pipes in the column mounts are pertinent, since they disperse heat upwards and prevent melting of permafrost.
Alaska proven oil reserves peaked in 1973 and have declined more than 60% since then
Alaskan oil production peaked in 1988 and has declined more than 75% since then
Halibut, both as a sport fish and commercially, is important to the state's economy.
A dog team in the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, arguably the most popular winter event in Alaska
Mask Display at Iñupiat Heritage Center in Utqiaġvik
Films featuring Alaskan wolves usually employ domesticated wolf-dog hybrids to stand in for wild wolves.
The Kachemak Bay Campus of the University of Alaska Anchorage, located in downtown Homer
The Sterling Highway, near its intersection with the Seward Highway
The Susitna River bridge on the Denali Highway is 1036 ft long.
Alaska Interstate Highways
Alaska welcome sign on the Klondike Highway
An Alaska Railroad locomotive over a bridge in Girdwood approaching Anchorage (2007)
The White Pass and Yukon Route traverses rugged terrain north of Skagway near the Canada–US border.
The (named after Tustumena Glacier) is one of the state's many ferries, providing service between the Kenai Peninsula, Kodiak Island and the Aleutian Chain.
A Bombardier Dash 8, operated by Era Alaska, on approach to Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport
The center of state government in Juneau. The large buildings in the background are, from left to right: the Court Plaza Building (known colloquially as the "Spam Can"), the State Office Building (behind), the Alaska Office Building, the John H. Dimond State Courthouse, and the Alaska State Capitol. Many of the smaller buildings in the foreground are also occupied by state government agencies.
A line graph showing the presidential vote by party from 1960 to 2016 in Alaska
Mike Dunleavy, Governor
Kevin Meyer, Lieutenant governor
Lisa Murkowski, senior United States senator
Dan Sullivan, junior United States senator
Don Young, U.S. representative (at-large) (Deceased)
Bob Bartlett & Ernest Gruening, Alaska's inaugural U.S. Senators, hold the 49 star U.S. Flag after the admission of Alaska as the 49th state.
Ketchikan, one of the places affected by COVID-19 during the 2020 outbreak in Alaska

Many active volcanoes are found in the Aleutians and in coastal regions.

Relief map of Mount Unzen

Mount Unzen

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Active volcanic group of several overlapping stratovolcanoes, near the city of Shimabara, Nagasaki on the island of Kyushu, Japan's southernmost main island.

Active volcanic group of several overlapping stratovolcanoes, near the city of Shimabara, Nagasaki on the island of Kyushu, Japan's southernmost main island.

Relief map of Mount Unzen
In the distance, Mt. Unzen's Fugen-dake (left) and Heisei-Shinzan peaks, the latter a lava dome that emerged during the 1990–1995 eruption, seen from Nita Pass in November 2005
Spaceborne radar image of Unzen, taken from Space Shuttle, April 15, 1994
House destroyed and partially buried by lahars in the Mizunashi River valley, 1994
A map of the large-scale pyroclastic flow (and its surge) that occurred at 4:08 PM on June 3rd, 1991. The position of the Kraffts and Glicken is marked with a cross.
Devastation from Mt. Unzen's 1991 eruption

The volcano was most recently active from 1990 to 1995, and a large eruption in 1991 generated a pyroclastic flow that killed 43 people, including three volcanologists.

Komatiite lava at the type locality in the Komati Valley, Barberton Mountainland, South Africa, showing the distinctive "spinifex texture" formed by dendritic plates of olivine (scale shown by a hammer on the right edge of photo)

Komatiite

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Type of ultramafic mantle-derived volcanic rock defined as having crystallised from a lava of at least 18 wt% MgO.

Type of ultramafic mantle-derived volcanic rock defined as having crystallised from a lava of at least 18 wt% MgO.

Komatiite lava at the type locality in the Komati Valley, Barberton Mountainland, South Africa, showing the distinctive "spinifex texture" formed by dendritic plates of olivine (scale shown by a hammer on the right edge of photo)
Komatiite sample collected from the Abitibi greenstone belt near Englehart, Ontario, Canada. Specimen is 9 cm wide. Bladed olivine crystals are visible, though spinifex texture is weak or absent in this sample.
Graph of komatiite geochemistry MgO% vs Cr ppm, from basal flows, Wannaway, Western Australia
Photomicrograph of a thin section of komatiite showing spinifex texture of pyroxene needle-like crystals
A2 facies dendritic feathery olivine crystals, drill hole WDD18, Widgiemooltha, Western Australia
A3 facies bladed olivine spinifex, drill hole WDD18, Widgiemooltha Komatiite, Western Australia

Komatiite volcano morphology is interpreted to have the general form and structure of a shield volcano, typical of most large basalt edifices, as the magmatic event which forms komatiites erupts less magnesian materials.

A scheme of a phreatic eruption: 1: water-vapor cloud, 2: magma conduit, 3: layers of lava and ash, 4: stratum, 5: water table, 6: explosion, 7: magma chamber

Phreatic eruption

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A phreatic eruption, also called a phreatic explosion, ultravulcanian eruption or steam-blast eruption, occurs when magma heats ground water or surface water.

A phreatic eruption, also called a phreatic explosion, ultravulcanian eruption or steam-blast eruption, occurs when magma heats ground water or surface water.

A scheme of a phreatic eruption: 1: water-vapor cloud, 2: magma conduit, 3: layers of lava and ash, 4: stratum, 5: water table, 6: explosion, 7: magma chamber
Phreatic eruption at the summit of Mount St. Helens, Washington, in the spring of 1980

At Mount St. Helens in Washington state, hundreds of steam explosions preceded the 1980 Plinian eruption of the volcano.

Tuya Mountains Provincial Park

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Tuya Mountains Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, protecting the Tuya Range, a volcanic region at the head of the Tuya River.