Władysław II Jagiełło

Early coin of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Jogaila with a lion, minted at the Vilnius Mint between 1386 and 1387

Seal of Jogaila with his title (in Latin) as King in Lithuania, used in 1377–1386, before becoming the King of Poland in 1386

Lithuanian Denar of Jogaila (minted in 1388–1392) with Vytis (Pahonia)

Battle of Grunwald, 1410. Painting by Jan Matejko

The Teutonic Order's castle at Marienburg

Polish and Lithuanian conflict with Teutonic Prussia, 1377–1434.

Władysław Jagiełło as depicted in Ksawery Pillati's Portraits of Polish Princes and Kings, 1888

A 17th-century depiction of Władysław II Jagiełło and Jadwiga of Poland by the cross by Tommaso Dolabella

King Jagiello Monument, Central Park, New York

Grand Duke of Lithuania (1377–1434) and then King of Poland (1386–1434), first alongside his wife Jadwiga until 1399, and then sole ruler of Poland.

- Władysław II Jagiełło

500 related topics

Battle of Grunwald

Fought on 15 July 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War.

The most important source about the battle is Cronica conflictus...

The Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania within their vassals between 1386 and 1434

Territory of the State of the Teutonic Order between 1260 and 1410; the locations and dates of major battles, including the Battle of Grunwald, are indicated by crossed red swords.

Lithuanians fighting with Teutonic knights (14th-century bas-relief from the Castle of Marienburg)

Map of army movements in the Grunwald campaign

Teutonic Order presents Grunwald Swords as gift to King Władysław II Jagiełło (painting by Wojciech Kossak)

Banners of the Kingdom of Poland and Lwów Land during the battle

Muslim Tatar fights a Teutonic knight (detail from a painting by Wojciech Kossak)

After the Battle of Grunwald: The Solidarity of the Northern Slavs (1924), by Alfons Mucha, The Slav Epic

The battle as depicted in the Berner Chronik of Diebold Schilling

After the battle, the Castle of Marienburg, which served as the Teutonic capital, was unsuccessfully besieged for two months by the Polish–Lithuanian forces

Memorials at the battlefield built in 1960

Military parade of the 1st Infantry Regiment of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas during commemoration of the battle of Žalgiris in Ukmergė on 15 July 1930.

Grunwald Monument was erected in Kraków, Poland for the battle's 500th anniversary. It was destroyed during World War II by the Germans and rebuilt in 1976.

A re-enactor dressed as King Władysław II Jagiełło (left) during the annual recreation of the battle in 2003

A German National People's Party propaganda poster from 1920 depicts a Teutonic knight threatened by a Pole and a socialist

Retreat of Lithuanian light cavalry (battle location and initial army positions according to a 1836 map by Johannes Voigt and contradicted by archaeological excavations in 2014–2017){{sfn|Ekdahl|2018|pp=243, 256, 257}}

The alliance of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led respectively by King Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila) and Grand Duke Vytautas, decisively defeated the German Teutonic Order, led by Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen.

List of Polish monarchs

Ruled at various times either by dukes and princes or by kings (11th to 18th centuries).

His daughter, Jadwiga, later married Jogaila, the pagan Grand Duke of Lithuania, who in 1386 was baptized and crowned as Władysław II Jagiełło, thus creating the Jagiellonian dynasty and a personal union between Poland and Lithuania.

Jadwiga of Poland

The first female monarch of the Kingdom of Poland, reigning from 16 October 1384 until her death.

Jadwiga with her mother and sisters as depicted on Saint Simeon's casket in Zadar

Lands ruled or claimed around 1370 by Jadwiga's father, Louis the Great (or the Hungarian): Hungary and Poland are colored red, the vassal states and the Kingdom of Naples are coloured light red

Dymitr of Goraj by Jan Matejko depicts Jadwiga trying to break the castle gate to join William

Saint Florian's Psalter, commissioned by Jadwiga in around 1370, held in the National Library of Poland in Warsaw

Queen Jadwiga's Oath, by Józef Simmler, 1867

Stephen I of Moldavia's promise of loyalty to Jadwiga and Jogaila against Sigismund

Jadwiga's sarcophagus, Wawel Cathedral, Kraków

Jadwiga as imagined by Marcello Bacciarelli

With her mother's consent, Jadwiga's advisors opened negotiations with Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, who was still a pagan, concerning his potential marriage to Jadwiga.

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

European state that existed from the 13th century to 1795, when the territory was partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Empire of Austria.

The Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the height of its power in the 15th century (on a modern day map)

Lithuania in the Mappa mundi of Pietro Vesconte, 1321. The inscription reads: Letvini pagani - pagan Lithuanians.

Lubart's Castle in Ukraine, built by the son of Gediminas' Liubartas in the mid-14th century, is famous for the Congress of Lutsk which took place in 1429

Grand Duchy of Lithuania under the rule of Vytautas the Great

Trakai Island Castle, residence of the Grand Duke Vytautas

The Battle of Grunwald, 1410, with Ulrich von Jungingen and Vytautas at center

The Grand Duchy of Lithuania within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth c. 1635

Lithuania and its administrative divisions in the 17th century

Church of St. Johns in Vilnius. Example of Vilnius Baroque style

St. Anne's Church and the church of the Bernardine Monastery in Vilnius

Constitution of 3 May, one of the first official state documents issued in both Polish and Lithuanian, Lithuanian edition

Lithuanian primer for kids, published in Vilnius, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 1783 edition

Area where Lithuanian was spoken in the 16th century

Lithuania proper (in green) and Samogitia (in red) within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in a map from 1712

Panegyric to Sigismund III Vasa, visiting Vilnius, first hexameter in Lithuanian, 1589

The Statute of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1588) in Ruthenian printed in Vilnius

The first printed book in Lithuanian Catechism of Martynas Mažvydas by Martynas Mažvydas

Lithuanian ancient hill fort in Rudamina

Lithuanian ancient hill fort mounds in Kernavė, now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Ruins of Navahrudak Castle. Current state (2004)

Mir Castle - a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Belarus.

Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania in Vilnius

Vilnius University and the Church of St. John

Pažaislis Monastery church, decorated with expensive marble

Royal insignias of the rulers of Lithuania in the Vilnius Cathedral, 1931

thumb|right|Showcase of the Crimean Karaites traditional lifestyle in Trakai, Lithuania

Žemaitukas, a historic horse breed from Lithuania, known from the 6–7th centuries, used as a warhorse by the Lithuanians

"Christianization of Lithuania in 1387", oil on canvas by Jan Matejko, 1889, Royal Castle in Warsaw

Priest, lexicographer Konstantinas Sirvydas, the cherisher of the Lithuanian language in the 17th century

Lithuanian national coats of arms: Columns of Gediminas, Double Cross of the Jagiellonians (Jogaila) and Samogitian bear

Coat of arms of the Grand Chancellors of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Coat of arms of the Grand Marshals of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Reciprocal Guarantee of Two Nations which distinguishes Poles, Lithuanians, Ruthenians, and others, adopted on 20 October 1791

Algirdas's son Jogaila signed the Union of Krewo in 1386, bringing two major changes in the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: conversion to Christianity and establishment of a dynastic union between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.

Union of Krewo

Document, signed in Kreva on 14 August 1385

Monument of Jadwiga and Jogaila in Kraków

In a strict sense, the Union of Krewo or Act of Krėva (also spelled Union of Krevo, Act of Kreva; Крэўская унія; unia w Krewie; Krėvos sutartis) comprised a set of prenuptial promises made at Kreva Castle on 14 August 1385 by Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, in regard to his prospective marriage to the underage reigning Queen Jadwiga of Poland.

Kęstutis

Ruler of medieval Lithuania.

Litas commemorative coin dedicated to Kęstutis

The hillfort of Senieji Trakai Castle where the wedding of Grand Duke Kęstutis and Birutė was held

Trakai Peninsula Castle built by Kęstutis

Malbork castle, where Kęstutis was detained in 1361

Vytautas and Kęstutis imprisoned by Jogaila. Painting by Wojciech Gerson

Kęstutis on the Millennium of Russia monument in Veliky Novgorod.

He was the Duke of Trakai and governed the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 1342–1382, together with his brother Algirdas (until 1377), and with his nephew Jogaila (until 1381).

Vytautas

Vytautas (c.

Privilege to Vilnius Cathedral issued by Vytautas in Vilnius on 16 February 1410 (Latin language)

Principality of Smolensk coin with lions or leopards and the Columns of Gediminas, showing it as a vassal of Vytautas the Great, circa 1399–1401.

Church of Vytautas the Great. Built around 1400 in Kaunas

Vytautas the Great watch tower in Kherson, Ukraine

It is known that Vytautas himself knew and spoke in the Lithuanian language with Jogaila.

Jagiellonian dynasty

Jogaila, later Władysław II Jagiełło (c. 1352/1362 – 1 June 1434) was Grand Duke of Lithuania (1377–1434), King of Poland (1386–1399) alongside his wife Jadwiga, and then sole King of Poland.

Baptism of Władysław III of Poland at Wawel in 1425

The Crusade of Varna was a series of events in 1443–44 between the crusaders and the Ottoman Empire, culminating in a devastating Christian loss at the Battle of Varna on 10 November 1444.

Thirteen Years' War—Battle of Chojnice in 1454

Malbork Castle during Thirteen Years' War (1460)

Sigismund I the Old (1467 –1548), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania

Chicken War or Hen War, a 1537 anti-royalist and anti-absolutist rokosz (rebellion) by the Polish nobility.

Death of Barbara Radziwiłł Painting by Józef Simmler

Wawel Hill, the castle and the cathedral

Ladislaus II Jagiellon (1456–1516), King of Bohemia and Hungary

Louis II of Hungary (1506–1526), King of Hungary and Bohemia

Discovery of the corpse of King Louis II after the Battle of Mohacs

The Jagiellonian dynasty, or simply Jagiellon, was a royal dynasty, founded by Jogaila, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, who in 1386 was baptized as Władysław, married Queen Jadwiga of Poland, and was crowned King of Poland as Władysław II Jagiełło.

Gediminids

The Gediminids (Gediminaičiai,, Гедзімінавічы, Giedyminowicze, Гедиміновичі;) were a dynasty of monarchs in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that reigned from the 14th to the 16th century.

Jogaila

Vilnius

Capital and largest city of Lithuania, with a population of 592,389.

Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania and Grand Duke Gediminas Monument with the howling iron wolf

Vilnius panorama in 1600 by Tomasz Makowski

La Grande Armée in Vilnius during its retreat (near the Vilnius Town Hall). In the beginning of his invasion of Russia, Napoleon established the Lithuanian Provisional Governing Commission, with the nobility seeing him as a liberator.

In 1905, the Great Seimas of Vilnius took place in the current Lithuanian National Philharmonic Society building

Celebration of incorporation of Vilnius Region to Poland in 1922. The event sparked vast Lithuanians anger with a popular interwar chant: "Mes be Vilniaus nenurimsim!" (We will not calm down without Vilnius!)

Lithuanian Army tanks in Vilnius after regaining control of the capital

Povilas Plechavičius, commander of the LTDF

The former KGB headquarters in Vilnius, now the Museum of Occupations and Freedom Fights

Annual commemoration of January Events in the Independence Square near the Seimas Palace with bonfires

Neris River at Mindaugas Bridge with Vilnius Upper Castle in the distance. A favorable geographic location made the Upper Castle on the Gediminas' Hill unconquerable for hundreds of years.

Gothic wall frescoes of the Church of St. Francis and St. Bernard (16th century)

Tombstone of Lew Sapieha, ca. 1633, at Church of St. Michael

Lithuanian Girl with Palm Sunday Fronds by Kanuty Rusiecki

Vilnius Picture Gallery in the old town (former Chodkiewicz Palace)

Zawadzki bookstore on the present-day Pilies Street. The store banners are printed in five languages: Russian, Polish, Lithuanian, French, German.

Gate of the Basilian Monastery where poet Adam Mickiewicz was imprisoned for fighting the Russian rule

The Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore (Vileišis Palace)

Billboard above the Botanical Garden (now Bernardinai Garden) main gates of the first cinema screening in Vilnius (1897)

Lithuanian Theater, Music and Cinema Museum, located in the 17th century Minor Radvilos Palace

Libretto of the first opera staged in Vilnius (1636), which overtook the first operas in Paris (1645) and London (1656)

Lithuanian Song and Dance Festival in Vingis Park

Andrius Mamontovas, leader of Foje and founder of the annual Gatvės muzikos diena (Street Music Day)

Page in Latin of theatre program dedicated to Algirdas (1687), once performed in Vilnius

Coronal mass ejection, captured in 1867 with Vilnius's photoheliograph, which was only the second such device in the entire world

Kaziuko mugė is held annually in the city in honor of Saint Casimir

Krzysztof Mikołaj "Piorun" Radziwiłł (Voivode of Vilnius from 1584 to 1603). Due to his prominent victories versus Ivan the Terrible's troops during the Livonian War, he was nicknamed "the Thunderbolt" (Perkūnas).

Vilnius Town Hall, reconstructed in neoclassical style according to the design by Laurynas Gucevičius in 1799

Vilnius City Municipality Building in Konstitucijos Avenue, housing the city's municipal council and administration

Map of Vilnius elderships. Numbers on the map correspond with numbers in the list

Medininkai Castle, built in the first half of the 14th century. It is the largest enclosure type defensive castle in Lithuania and one of the primary landmarks of the Vilnius district.

Seimas Palace in Vilnius, where the parliamentarians of Lithuania convenes

St. Anne's Church and the Church of St. Francis and St. Bernard are an outstanding examples of Gothic architecture in Lithuania

Church of St. Peter and St. Paul is a Baroque architecture masterpiece. It was funded by Michał Kazimierz Pac, commemorating a victory over the Muscovites and their expulsion from Vilnius after six years of occupation.

The 17th-century Chapel of Saint Casimir, a patron saint of Lithuania and its youth, in the Cathedral of Vilnius

Model of the Vilnius Castle Complex in the first half of the 17th century. The Upper Castle, which early wooden variants dates to the 10th century, was partly destroyed during the Battle of Vilnius (1655) and was never rebuilt.

Vilnius Old Town apartments offers views to the most notable landmarks of the city and a medieval atmosphere

Part of Valakampiai neighborhood in Antakalnis eldership by the Neris River as seen from Verkiai Palace

Helios City complex in Naujamiestis with shopping mall and apartments

Šnipiškės in the 19th century with the Chapel of Jesus of Šnipiškės

Grand Duke Sigismund II Augustus (Vilnius' founder's Gediminas' direct offspring by the male-line ) with his wife, the Grand Duchess Barbara Radziwiłł, in Vilnius. The city prospered during his reign and the Golden Age.

Pagan Lithuanians worshipping a grass snake, oak and holy fire. From Olaus Magnus' Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus (History of the Northern People), book 3, 1555.

Manifesto of the Uprising of 1794 in Lithuanian, encouraging Lithuanians to defend Vilnius from falling under the Russian control. The number of inhabitants in the Grand Duchy's capital fell fivefold, compared to 1760s when more than 60 thousand citizens were living in Vilnius, when the uprising failed in 1794 and in 1795 the state was abolished after the Third Partition.

Vilnius within Lithuania proper (marked in green) in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in a map from 1712

Multicultural Vilnians in 1915. The city was famous for its tolerance of various ethnicities till World War I.

Europa Tower is the tallest building in the Baltic states and is one of the symbols of modern Vilnius and its economic growth

K29 business centre is the first office in the Baltic states which received excellent BREEAM rating

Vilnius University Astronomical Observatory, est. in 1753, is one of the oldest in Europe and was the first in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Scientific centres and universities faculties in the Sunrise Valley

Virginijus Šikšnys is a prominent biochemist of the Vilnius University

The Green Hall business centre complex in Žvėrynas, which houses IT companies and the Europe's first international Blockchain Centre

The Bank of Lithuania headquarters in Gediminas Avenue

The Grand Courtyard of Vilnius University and Church of St. Johns

National M. K. Čiurlionis School of Art is a prestigious art school, offering free education to talented Lithuanians

One of the 16th century Central Vilnius University Library reading rooms, decorated in 1803 with the portraits of the 12 most prominent figures in antiquity art and science

Church of St. Casimir, the first Baroque church in Vilnius, known for excellent acoustics and organ concerts with renowned international musicians

Orthodox Cathedral of the Theotokos, built in the 14th century by Grand Duke Algirdas for newcomers Ruthenians in the Ruthenian quarter of Vilnius

The interior of the Chapel of the Gate of Dawn with the holy Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn painting

The first Divine Mercy painting by Eugeniusz Kazimirowski (1934) at the Divine Mercy Sanctuary, Vilnius

Verkiai Calvary, c. undefined 1840s. It was built as a sign of gratitude for the victory in the Second Northern War.

The Republic of Užupis is a tourists frequently visited micronation in Vilnius, full of Bohemian culture and art

Vilnius International Airport main entrance

Carsharing company SPARK car and an EV charging station in Vilnius

Solaris Urbino 18 bus and Škoda 26Tr Solaris trolleybuses in Vilnius

House in which the Vilnius Medical Society was established in 1805

The title page of Kurier Litewski (1760, Vilnius)

His grandchildren Vytautas the Great and Jogaila, however, fought civil wars.