A report on WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

2017 marked the 40th anniversary of the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.
A skeletal model of the chemical structure of aspirin
A skeletal model of the chemical structure of albendazole
Pure crystals of ethambutol
Two capsules of atazanavir
Bag containing one unit of fresh frozen plasma
A vial of oral cholera vaccine

The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (aka Essential Medicines List or EML ), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system.

- WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
2017 marked the 40th anniversary of the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.

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Rifampicin powder

Rifampicin

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Ansamycin antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis , Mycobacterium avium complex, leprosy, and Legionnaires’ disease.

Ansamycin antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis , Mycobacterium avium complex, leprosy, and Legionnaires’ disease.

Rifampicin powder
Binding of rifampicin in the active site of RNA polymerase. Mutation of amino acids shown in red are involved in resistance to the antibiotic.

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Aspirin

6 links

Medication used to reduce pain, fever, or inflammation.

Medication used to reduce pain, fever, or inflammation.

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1923 advertisement
Old package. "Export from Germany is prohibited"

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

A localized reaction to intravenous morphine caused by histamine release in the veins

Morphine

5 links

Pain medication of the opiate family that is found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin in poppies .

Pain medication of the opiate family that is found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin in poppies .

A localized reaction to intravenous morphine caused by histamine release in the veins
Before the Morphine by Santiago Rusiñol
Morphine Hydrochloride Ampoule for Veterinary Use
Latex bleeding from a freshly-scored seed pod
Morphine biosynthesis in the opium poppy
Chemical structure of morphine. The benzylisoquinoline backbone is shown in green.
Morphine structure showing its standard ring lettering and carbon numbering system.
Same structure, but in a three-dimensional perspective.
First generation production of alkaloids from licit latex-derived opium
Friedrich Sertürner
Advertisement for curing morphine addiction, c. 1900
An ampoule of morphine with integral needle for immediate use. Also known as a "syrette". From WWII. On display at the Army Medical Services Museum.
Example of different morphine tablets
Two capsules (5 mg & 10 mg) of morphine sulfate extended- release
1 milliliter ampoule containing 10 mg of morphine

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Dexamethasone

5 links

Glucocorticoid medication used to treat rheumatic problems, a number of skin diseases, severe allergies, asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, croup, brain swelling, eye pain following eye surgery, superior vena cava syndrome , and along with antibiotics in tuberculosis.

Glucocorticoid medication used to treat rheumatic problems, a number of skin diseases, severe allergies, asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, croup, brain swelling, eye pain following eye surgery, superior vena cava syndrome , and along with antibiotics in tuberculosis.

Dexamethasone phosphate injection ampoules
A single ampoule of dexamethasone phosphate for injection
Dexamethasone synthesis

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Carbamazepine

5 links

Anticonvulsant medication used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain.

Anticonvulsant medication used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain.

Tegretol 200-mg CR (made in NZ)
Metabolism. Top: carbamazepine • middle: carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, the active metabolite • bottom: carbamazepine-10,11-diol, an inactive metabolite, which is then glucuronidized

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

0.5 mg tablets of the Ativan brand of lorazepam

Lorazepam

5 links

Benzodiazepine medication.

Benzodiazepine medication.

0.5 mg tablets of the Ativan brand of lorazepam
1987 advertisement. "In a world where certainties are few...no wonder Ativan is prescribed by so many caring clinicians."

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

500mg tablets of Depakote extended-release

Valproate

5 links

Valproate (VPA) and its valproic acid, sodium valproate, and valproate semisodium forms are medications primarily used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder and prevent migraine headaches.

Valproate (VPA) and its valproic acid, sodium valproate, and valproate semisodium forms are medications primarily used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder and prevent migraine headaches.

500mg tablets of Depakote extended-release
Some metabolites of valproic acid. Glucuronidation and β-oxidation are the main metabolic pathways; ω-oxidation metabolites are considered hepatotoxic. Details see text.

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines and is available as a generic medication.

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Isoniazid

6 links

Antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis.

Antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis.

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It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Propofol

4 links

Short-acting medication that results in a decreased level of consciousness and a lack of memory for events.

Short-acting medication that results in a decreased level of consciousness and a lack of memory for events.

A 20 ml ampoule of 1% propofol emulsion, as sold in Australia by Sandoz

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Warfarin

7 links

Medication that is used as an anticoagulant .

Medication that is used as an anticoagulant .

Vitamin K1-warfarin interaction effect. When warfarin levels are high, people have more risk of bleeding. Conversely, lower levels of warfarin lead to increased risk of blood clots. There is a narrow range where the benefits of warfarin are greater than the risks, its therapeutic window. Certain drugs, herbal medicines, and foods can interact with warfarin, increasing or decreasing a previously stable warfarin level.
Acyclic tautomer (left) and cyclic hemiketal tautomer (right)
3 mg (blue), 5 mg (pink) and 1 mg (brown) warfarin tablets (UK colours)
Warning label on a tube of rat poison laid on a dike of the Scheldt river in Steendorp, Belgium. The tube contains bromadiolone, a second-generation ("super-warfarin") anticoagulant.

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.