A report on Western Ganga dynasty

Core Western Ganga Territory
Old Kannada inscription of c. 726 CE, discovered in Talakad, from the rule of King Shivamara I or Sripurusha
Ganga Dynasty emblem on a 10th-century copper plate
The Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli was an important center of Jainism during the Ganga period.
Gangas of Talakad (Western Gangas). Circa 1080-1138 AD
Footprint worship at Shravanabelagola
A mantapa (hall) at the Jain Panchakuta basadi of 9th–10th century at Kambadahalli
Gommateshwara at Shravanabelagola (982–983) C.E.
Kalleshwara Temple Complex, built in the 10th century by the Nolambas, a Western Ganga feudatory, at Aralaguppe in the Tumkur district
Seeyamangalam Mahavira Rock Cut Temple
Hero stone (870–906 A.D.) with old Kannada inscription at Kalleshvara temple in Aralaguppe
The famous Atakur inscription (949 C.E.), a classical Kannada composition pertaining to the Western Ganga-Rashtrakuta victory over the Chola dynasty of Tanjore in the famous battle of Takkolam
Mahasthambha (pillar) and Chandragupta Basadi at Chandragiri Hill in Shravanabelagola
Chandragiri hill temple complex at Shravanabelagola
Ceiling sculpture, Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli
Chavundaraya basadi on Chandragiri hill in Shravanabelagola temple complex
Old Kannada inscription at the base of Gomateshwara monolith in Shravanabelagola (981 CE.)
The famous Begur inscription in old Kannada, dated to c. 908–938 CE, from the rule of Western Ganga dynasty King Ereyappa.

Important ruling dynasty of ancient Karnataka in India which lasted from about 350 to 1000 CE.

- Western Ganga dynasty
Core Western Ganga Territory

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Rashtrakuta dynasty

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Rashtrakuta (IAST: ) (r.

Rashtrakuta (IAST: ) (r.

Kashivishvanatha temple at Pattadakal, Karnataka
Jain Narayana temple at Pattadakal, Karnataka
A stanza from the 9th century Kannada classic Kavirajamarga, praising the people for their literary skills
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Interior and arcades
Kailasa temple, is one of the largest rock-cut ancient Hindu temples located in Ellora.
Shikhara of Indra Sabha at Ellora.

Amoghavarsha I made peace with the Western Ganga dynasty by giving them his two daughters in marriage, and then defeated the invading Eastern Chalukyas at Vingavalli and assumed the title Viranarayana.

Karnataka

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State in the southwestern region of India.

State in the southwestern region of India.

Mallikarjuna temple and Kashi Vishwanatha temple at Pattadakal, built successively by the kings of the Chalukya Empire and Rashtrakuta Empire, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Chief Minister Dr. Devaraj Urs announcing the new name of the Mysore state as 'Karnataka'
Jog Falls, formed by Sharavathi River, are the second-highest plunge waterfalls in India.
Political map of Indian state of Karnataka with the official names of its 31 districts.
emblem of Karnataka
Infosys, a Bengaluru-headquartered information-technology company,
A yakshagana artist
Vishnu image inside the Badami Cave Temple Complex number 3. The complex is an example of Indian rock-cut architecture.
Gomateswara (982–983) at Shravanabelagola is an important centre of Jain pilgrimage.
Halmidi inscription (450 CE) is the earliest attested inscription in the Kannada language.
Indian Institute of Science is one of the premier institutes of India.
Literacy rates of Karnataka districts
Anil Kumble, former captain of the Indian Test team and spin legend, is the highest wicket-taker for India in international cricket.
M. Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bangalore.
The state bird, Indian roller
Bengal tigers at Bannerghatta National Park near Bangalore
Chennakesava Temple is a model example of the Hoysala architecture, later repaired in the 16th century with financial support and grants by the Vijayanagara Emperors.
Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur has the second largest pre-modern dome in the world after the Byzantine Hagia Sophia.
Mysore Palace in the evening, the official residence and seat of the Wodeyar dynasty, the rulers of Mysore of the Mysore Kingdom, the royal family of Mysore.

The decline of Satavahana power led to the rise of the earliest native kingdoms, the Kadambas and the Western Gangas, marking the region's emergence as an independent political entity.

Shravanabelagola

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Town located near Channarayapatna of Hassan district in the Indian state of Karnataka and is 144 km from Bengaluru.

Town located near Channarayapatna of Hassan district in the Indian state of Karnataka and is 144 km from Bengaluru.

The pond in the middle of the town, after which it is named, Beḷagoḷa “White Pond”
Statue of Emperor Bharata Chakravartin, after whom India was named Bharatvarsha.
Kannada inscription at Odegal Basadi
Odegal basadi on Vindhyagiri hill
Akkana Basadi
Mahamastakabhisheka of Gommateshwara statue
The tableau of Karnataka depicting Mahamastabhisheka of Lord Gommateshwara, during the Republic Day Parade in 2005

The Gommateshwara Bahubali statue at Shravanabelagola is one of the most important tirthas (pilgrimage destinations) in Jainism, one that reached a peak in architectural and sculptural activity under the patronage of Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad.

Extent of Badami Chalukya Empire, 636 CE, 740 CE.

Chalukya dynasty

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Classical Indian dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries.

Classical Indian dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries.

Extent of Badami Chalukya Empire, 636 CE, 740 CE.
Old Kannada inscription of Chalukya King Mangalesha dated 578 CE at Badami cave temple no.3
Old Kannada inscription on victory pillar, Virupaksha Temple, Pattadakal, 733–745 CE
Coinage of the Chalukyas of Badami. Uncertain ruler. Circa 597-757 CE. Boar and Temple type.
Bhutanatha temple complex, at Badami
Virupaksha temple in Dravidian style at Pattadakal, built 740 CE
Poetry on stone at the Meguti temple (Aihole inscription) dated 634 CE, in Sanskrit language and old Kannada script, with a Kannada language endorsement of about the same date at the bottom.
Vaishnava Cave temple No. 3 at Badami, 578 CE
Bahubali at Jain Cave temple No. 4 at Badami, 6th century
Vishnu image in Cave temple No. 3
Bhutanatha group of temples facing the Badami tank
The Parvati Temple, located about 140 km southeast to the Badami
Aihole – Durga Temple Front View
Aihole – Meguti Jain Temple
Mallikarjuna temple in dravidian style and Kashi Vishwanatha temple in nagara style at Pattadakal, built 740 CE
Dancing Shiva in cave no. 1 in Badami
Papanatha temple at Pattadakal – fusion of southern and northern Indian styles, 680 CE

His queens were princess from the Alupa Dynasty of South Canara and the Western Ganga Dynasty of Talakad, clans with whom the Chalukyas maintained close family and marital relationships.

Kannada

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Classical Dravidian language spoken predominantly by the people of Karnataka in the southwestern region of India.

Classical Dravidian language spoken predominantly by the people of Karnataka in the southwestern region of India.

The Halmidi inscription at Halmidi village, in old-Kannada, is usually dated to AD 450 (Kadamba Dynasty)
Old-Kannada inscription dated AD 578 (Badami Chalukya dynasty), outside Badami cave no.3
Old-Kannada inscription of c. AD 726, discovered in Talakad, from the rule of King Shivamara I or Sripurusha (Western Ganga Dynasty)
Old-Kannada inscription of the 9th century (Rashtrakuta Dynasty) at Durga Devi temple in Hampi, Karnataka
The famous Atakur inscription (AD 949) from Mandya district, a classical Kannada composition in two parts; a fight between a hound and a wild boar, and the victory of the Rashtrakutas over the Chola dynasty in the famous battle of Takkolam
Old Kannada inscription dated AD 1057 of Western Chalukya King Someshvara I at Kalleshwara Temple, Hire Hadagali in Bellary district
Old-Kannada inscription ascribed to King Vikramaditya VI (Western Chalukya Empire), dated AD 1112, at the Mahadeva Temple in Itagi, Koppal district of Karnataka state
Old-Kannada inscription of AD 1220 (Hoysala Empire) at Ishwara temple of Arasikere town in the Hassan district
Kannada inscription dated 1509, of King Krishnadevaraya (Vijayanagara Empire), at the Virupaksha temple in Hampi describes his coronation
Kannada inscription dated 1654, at Yelandur with exquisite relief
Shankha Jain Basadi at Lakshmeshwar where the famous Adikavi Pampa wrote the Adipurana in Kannada language
Shankha Jain Basadi temple at Lakshmeshwar where the notable Adikavi Pampa wrote the Adipurana in Kannada language

Kannada is attested epigraphically for about one and a half millennia and literary Old Kannada flourished in the 6th-century Ganga dynasty and during the 9th-century Rashtrakuta Dynasty.

Kannada poets Chavundaraya and Nemichandra

Chavundaraya

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Indian military commander, architect, poet and minister.

Indian military commander, architect, poet and minister.

Kannada poets Chavundaraya and Nemichandra
Chavundaraya basadi (10th century) on Chandragiri Hill
Gomateshwara monolith at Shravanabelagola (982–983 CE)
Inscribed handwriting (in Kannada characters) of Chavundaraya on Chandragiri hill in Shravanabelagola, Karnataka

He served in the court of the Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad (in modern Karnataka, India).

South India

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South India, also known as Dakshina Bharata or Peninsular India, consists of the southern part of India encompassing the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana, as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry, comprising 19.31% of India's area (635,780 km2) and 20% of India's population.

South India, also known as Dakshina Bharata or Peninsular India, consists of the southern part of India encompassing the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana, as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry, comprising 19.31% of India's area (635,780 km2) and 20% of India's population.

Zonal Councils of India
South India
Ancient Silk Road map. The Spice trade was mainly along the water routes (blue).
The Chola Empire during Rajendra Chola I, c. 1030
Map of South India (1953–1956) before the States Reorganisation Act of 1956
Satellite image of South India
The peak of Anamudi (2695 m above sea level) is the highest point of elevation in South India
Birds view of Krishna river Back water at Srisailam dam
South India also has the largest elephant population.
Map showing highway distribution with population density
The Rajiv Gandhi International Airport in Hyderabad
Aircraft parked at the Thiruvananthapuram International Airport
A Vishakhapatnam harbour view
A terminal at the Chennai Port
Major crop areas
Technopark, Trivandrum
The growth of information technology hubs in the region have spurred economic growth. Pictured is Tidel Park in Chennai
At 168.91 m height, the Idukki Dam is one of the highest arch dams in Asia.
Population Pyramid in South India
Dravidian language tree
The weave of Calico sample from a shopping bag shown against a centimetre scale.
A traditional meal served on a banana leaf
A Thalassery cuisine which makes use of Malabar spices
The large gopuram is a hallmark of Dravidian architecture.

Several dynasties – such as the Cheras of Karuvur, the Pandyas of Madurai, the Cholas of Thanjavur, the Zamorins of Kozhikode, the Travancore royal family of Thiruvananthapuram, the Kingdom of Cochin, the Mushikas of Kannur, the Satavahanas of Amaravati, the Pallavas of Kanchi, the Kadambas of Banavasi, the Western Gangas of Kolar, the Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta, the Chalukyas of Badami, the Hoysalas of Belur, and the Kakatiyas of Orugallu – ruled over the region from the 6th century BCE to the 14th century CE.

Durvinita

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Durvinita ((r.

Durvinita ((r.

529 – 579 CE)) is seen as the most successful ruler of the Western Ganga dynasty.

Kadamba dynasty

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Ancient royal family of Karnataka, India, that ruled northern Karnataka and the Konkan from Banavasi in present-day Uttara Kannada district.

Ancient royal family of Karnataka, India, that ruled northern Karnataka and the Konkan from Banavasi in present-day Uttara Kannada district.

The Talagunda pillar Sanskrit Inscription of crown prince Santivarma (c. 450)
The Halmidi inscription at Halmidi village, usually dated 450 CE. is the earliest Kannada inscription issued by the Kadamba Dynasty
Old Kannada inscriptions of Kadamba king Kamadeva of the Hangal branch (c.1180) and Hoysala king Veera Ballala II (c. 1196) in the open mantapa of the Tarakeshwara temple at Hangal
Old Kannada inscription (1200 AD) of King Kamadeva of the Kadamba dynasty of the Hangal branch
The Praneshvara temple at Talagunda, dates from the late fourth century Kadamba rule.
Bhuvaraha Narasimha temple Halasi, Karnataka
Tarakeshwara temple at Hangal, built by the Kadambas of Hangal
Madhukeshwara temple at Banavasi, built by the later Kadambas of Banavasi
The Mahadeva temple at Tambdi Surla, Goa, built by the Kadambas of Goa

The Kadambas were contemporaries of the Western Ganga Dynasty and together they formed the earliest native kingdoms to rule the land with autonomy.

A Mural of Rajaraja I with his guru Karuvurar at Brihadisvara Temple.

Rajaraja I

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Chola emperor who reigned from 985 CE to 1014 CE.

Chola emperor who reigned from 985 CE to 1014 CE.

A Mural of Rajaraja I with his guru Karuvurar at Brihadisvara Temple.
Chola empire during the reign of Rajaraja I
Coinage of Chola King Rajaraja I (985-1014 CE). Uncertain Tamilnadu mint. Legend "Chola, conqueror of the Gangas" in Tamil, seated tiger with two fish.
Statue of Rajaraja, Tamil Nadu, 20th century
Mural depicting Rajaraja and his guru Karuvuruvar found in the Brihadisvara temple, Tamil Nadu, 11th century.
Brihadisvara Temple built by Rajaraja I, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
A typical lithic inscription of the Chola period

Campaigns against the Western Gangas and the Chalukyas extended the Chola authority as far as the Tungabhadra River.