Western world
The Western world, also known as the West, refers to various regions, nations and states, depending on the context, most often consisting of the majority of Europe, North America, and Oceania.
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Eastern world
Umbrella term for various cultures or social structures, nations and philosophical systems, which vary depending on the context.
It is often seen as a counterpart to the Western world, and correlates strongly to the southern half of the North–South divide.
Western culture
![Medieval Christians believed that to seek the geometric, physical and mathematical principles that govern the world was to seek and worship God. Detail of a scene in the bowl of the letter 'P' with a woman with a set-square and dividers; using a compass to measure distances on a diagram. In her left hand she holds a square, an implement for testing or drawing right angles. She is watched by a group of students. In the Middle Ages, it is unusual to see women represented as teachers, in particular when the students appear to be monks. She is most likely the personification of Geometry, based on Martianus Capella's famous book De Nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii [5th c.], a standard source for allegorical imagery of the seven liberal arts. Illustration at the beginning of Euclid's Elementa, in the translation attributed to Adelard of Bath.](https://hyperleap.com/images/342d370271f221fa0ff2fa0e7abb5eea/200-d9fd8e82cde8f6eabc244fc633a91238.jpg)
Western culture, also known as Western civilization, Occidental culture, or Western society, is the heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, artifacts and technologies of the Western world.
Western philosophy
Western philosophy encompasses the philosophical thought and work of the Western world.
Ancient Greece
Northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity (c.
In Western history, the era of classical antiquity was immediately followed by the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine period.
Westernization
Westernization (or Westernisation), also Europeanisation or occidentalization (from the Occident), is a process whereby societies come under or adopt Western culture in areas such as industry, technology, science, education, politics, economics, lifestyle, law, norms, mores, customs, traditions, values, mentality, perceptions, diet, clothing, language, writing system, religion, and philosophy.
Democracy
Form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation ("direct democracy"), or to choose governing officials to do so ("representative democracy").
Western democracy, as distinct from that which existed in antiquity, is generally considered to have originated in city-states such as those in Classical Athens and the Roman Republic, where various schemes and degrees of enfranchisement of the free male population were observed before the form disappeared in the West at the beginning of late antiquity.
Occident
The Occident is a term for the West, traditionally comprising anything that belongs to the Western world.
Globalization
Process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.
The first is the idea of Eastern Origins, which shows how Western states have adapted and implemented learned principles from the East.
Global North and Global South
Used to describe a grouping of countries along socio-economic and political characteristics.
The Global North correlates with the Western world—including Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Israel (among others)—while the South largely corresponds with the developing countries (previously called "Third World") and the Eastern world.
Greek language
For the Greek language used during particular eras, see Proto-Greek language, Mycenaean Greek, Ancient Greek, Koine Greek, Medieval Greek, and Modern Greek.
The Greek language holds a very important place in the history of the Western world.