A report on Wuhan

Panlongcheng, located in the southernmost area of the Erligang culture
Yellow Crane Tower
Wuhan in 1864
Foreign concessions along the Hankow Bund c. 1900.
Wuchang Uprising Memorial, the original site of revolutionary government in 1911
Present-day Wuhan area in 1915
A map of Wuhan painted by the Japanese in 1930, with Hankou being the most prosperous sector
The gunboat Zhongshan
Chiang Kai-Shek inspecting Chinese soldiers in Wuhan as Japanese forces approach the city
People's Liberation Army troops at Zhongshan Avenue, Hankou on May 16, 1949
In his poem "Swimming" (1956), engraved on the 1954 Flood Memorial in Wuhan, Mao Zedong envisions "walls of stone" to be erected upstream.
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Map including the Wuhan area (AMS, 1953)
Hongshan District
The main gate of Wuhan Municipal Party Committee
A night sight near a modern shopping mall in Hongshan District
A tram in University Science Park Station
Tianhe Airport Terminal 3
Happy Valley Wuhan amusement park
Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng, made in 433 BC, now on display at the Hubei Provincial Museum in Wuhan
The old library (center), dorm (below), and schools of literature and law (left and right) of Wuhan University
The Institute for Advanced Studies at Wuhan University
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Fried hongshan caitai (洪山菜薹)
Doupi on the left and Re-gan mian on the right
Second bridge
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Li Na, a former professional tennis player and two-time Grand Slam champion, serving at Wimbledon 2008, 1st round against Anastasia Rodionova
President Li Yuanhong
Baotong Buddhist Temple
Gude Buddhist Temple
Thanksgiving Protestant Church
Holy Family Catholic Church

Capital of Hubei Province in the People's Republic of China.

- Wuhan
Panlongcheng, located in the southernmost area of the Erligang culture

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Hubei

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Landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the Central China region.

Landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the Central China region.

Detail of an embroidered silk gauze ritual garment from a 4th-century BC, Zhou era tomb at Mashan, Jiangling County, Hubei
Three Gorges area
Temple of Worship at Wudang Mountain
Yellow Crane Tower
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Liangtai River valley in Xingshan County. This is an important agricultural area since planting rice and other crops is more feasible here than on the surrounding mountain slopes
The Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River
Tea plantations on the western slopes of the Muyu Valley
Hubei Provincial Museum
Hubei Museum of Art
Hubei Provincial Library
Garden At Huazhong Agricultural University
Boats on the Yangtze River in Wuhan
East side of Jingzhou old city wall
University Stadium of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan
Taihui Taoist Temple in Jingzhou
Baotong Buddhist Temple in Wuhan
Guangde Buddhist Temple in Xiangyang
Ancestral shrine in Hong'an, Huanggang
Rural Buddhist community temple in Xianning

The provincial capital, Wuhan, serves as a major transportation hub and the political, cultural, and economic hub of central China.

Nanjing

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Capital of Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China, a sub-provincial city, a megacity and the second largest city in the East China region.

Capital of Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China, a sub-provincial city, a megacity and the second largest city in the East China region.

Purple Mountain or Zijin Shan, located to the east of the walled city of Nanjing, is the origin of the nickname "Jinling". The water in the front is Xuanwu Lake
A bixie sculpture at Xiao Xiu's tomb (AD518). Stone sculpture of the southern dynasties is widely considered as the city's icon.
The Śarīra pagoda in Qixia Temple. It was built in AD601 and rebuilt in the 10th century.
Ming Xiaoling is the mausoleum of the Hongwu Emperor, the founder of the Ming dynasty
The Ming Palace, also known as the "Forbidden City of Nanjing", was the imperial palace of the early Ming dynasty, when Nanjing was the capital of China.
Nanjing City Wall near Xuanwumen Gate
Mochou Lake
The Presidential Palace of the National Government of the Republic of China in Nanjing, 1927
Japanese soldiers entering the walled city of Nanjing through the Gate of China
Hall of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
Map including Nanjing (labeled as 南京 NAN-CHING (NANKING) (Walled)) (AMS, 1955)
Map of Nanjing (labeled as 南京 NAN-CHING (NANKING))
Nanjing Region – Lower Yangtze Basin and Eastern China.
Autumn maple leaves in Qixia Mountain Temple.
7 December 2013 image from NASA's Terra Satellite of the Eastern China smog
People's Government of Nanjing City
Qinhuai River in 1920s
Old city of Nanjing 'Old Gate East'
Xinjiekou, Nanjing
Naning city centre in May 1987
Nanjing Zifeng Tower and the Purple Mountain in the background
Nanjing South Railway Station
Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge
Nanjing Metro Construction Plan by 2022
Nanjing Lukou International Airport, NKG
Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge
Jiangnan Examination Hall
Kunqu
Nanjing Library
Nanjing Museum
Qinhuai River
Central Stadium
Nanjing Olympic Sports Center
City Wall of Nanjing and Yijiangmen Gate
East Gate of China
Qinhuai River
Jiming Temple
Jinghai Temple and Yuejiang Tower
Xuanwu Lake
The Porcelain Pagoda of Nanjing
Classical buildings in the Mochou Lake
Spirit Way of Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum
Tower of Linggu Temple
Qixia Temple
Former Presidential Palace
Former National Assembly Building
Yihe Road
Former Ministry of Foreign Affairs Buildings
Former Capital Hotel
Former Academia Sinica Buildings
Gate of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
National Revolutionary Army Memorial Cemetery
Gate of Presidential Residence at Purple Mountain
National Purple Mountain Observatory
Yuhuatai Memorial Park of Revolutionary Martyrs
Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders
Jinling Hotel
Nanjing Youth Olympic Towers
Nanjing University, Gulou campus
Nanjing University, Xianlin campus
Southeast University, Sipailou campus
Nanjing Normal University, Suiyuan campus

Along with Chongqing and Wuhan, Nanjing is traditionally referred to as one of the "Three Furnaces" along the Yangtze River for the perennially high temperatures in the summertime.

Yangtze

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Longest river in Asia, the third-longest in the world and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country.

Longest river in Asia, the third-longest in the world and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country.

Golden Island, on The Yang-Tse River, China (LMS, 1869, p.64)
The Qutang Gorge along the Yangtze River.
Three Gorges Dam in Hubei.
Tiger Leaping Gorge in Yunnan.
A map of China depicting the Yellow River's southerly path following its stabilization by the Grand Eunuch Li Xing's public works after the 1494 flood
Yangtze drainage basin
Afternoon in the jagged mountains rising from the Yangtze River gorge
A map of the Warring States around 350 BC, showing the former coastline of the Yangtze delta
USS Luzon
Yangtze in 1915
Cruise boats on Yangtze
A vehicle carrier on Yangtze
A container carrier on Yangtze
The Imperial Japanese Navy armored cruiser Izumo in Shanghai in 1937. She sank riverboats on the Yangtze in 1941.
Barges on the river
Map of the Yangtze river locating the Three Gorges Dam
Satellite map showing the lake created by the Three Gorges Dam. Compare Nov. 7, 2006 (above) with April 17, 1987 (below).
The Three Gorges Dam in 2006
Diagram showing dams planned for the upper reaches of the Yangtze River
A shipyard on the banks of the Yangtze building commercial river freight boats
The two sturgeon species in the Yangtze (here Chinese sturgeon) are both seriously threatened.
The silver carp is native to the river, but has (like other Asian carp) been spread through large parts of the world with aquaculture.
The critically endangered Chinese alligator is one of the smallest crocodilians, reaching a maximum length of about 2 m.
The entirely aquatic Chinese giant salamander is the world's largest amphibian, reaching up to 1.8 m in length.
The Chinese mitten crab is a commercially important species in the Yangtze, but invasive in other parts of the world.
The glaciers of the Tanggula Mountains, the traditional source of the Yangtze River
The Tuotuo River, a headwater stream of the Yangtze River, known in Tibetan as Maqu, or the "Red River"
The first turn of the Yangtze at Shigu (石鼓) in Yunnan, where the river turns 180 degrees from south- to north-bound
Narrowest point of the Tiger Leaping Gorge near Lijiang downstream from Shigu
The Jinsha, "Golden Sands River", in Yunnan
Qutang Gorge, one of the Three Gorges
Wu Gorge, one of the Three Gorges
Xiling Gorge, one of the Three Gorges
Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, the first bridge crossing Yangtze, was completed in 1957.
The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, a beam bridge, was completed in 1968.
The Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge, an arch bridge, was completed in 1992.
The Yichang Yangtze Highway Bridge, a suspension bridge near the Gezhouba Dam lock, was completed in 1996.
The Sutong Yangtze River Bridge, between Nantong and Suzhou, was one of the longest cable-stayed bridges in the world when it was completed in 2008.
The Caiyuanba Bridge, an arch bridge in Chongqing, was completed in 2007.
The cable-stayed Anqing Yangtze River Bridge at Anqing, was completed in 2005.
Wuhan Metro Line 2 is the first underground rail line crossing the Yangtze River.
Gan River in Jiangxi
Han River in Hubei
Lake Dongting and the Yuan, Zi, Li, and Xiang Rivers in Hunan
Wu River in Guizhou
Jialing River in eastern Sichuan and Chongqing Municipality
Min River in central Sichuan
Yalong River in western Sichuan

At Wuhan, it receives its biggest tributary, the Han River, bringing water from its northern basin as far as Shaanxi.

Wuchang District

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The map of "Vou-chang-fou" in Du Halde's 1736 Description of China, based on reports from the Jesuit mission
Map including Wuchang (labeled WU-CH'ANG 武昌) (1953)

Wuchang forms part of the urban core of and is one of 13 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, China.

Portrait of the Grotto of the Five Immortals, the Taoist temple around the five stones which gave Guangzhou its nickname "The City of Rams".

Guangzhou

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Capital and the largest city of Guangdong province in southern China.

Capital and the largest city of Guangdong province in southern China.

Portrait of the Grotto of the Five Immortals, the Taoist temple around the five stones which gave Guangzhou its nickname "The City of Rams".
The jade burial suit of Zhao Mo in Guangzhou's Nanyue King Museum
Guangzhou (as 廣) on the 1136 Map of the Tracks of Yu
Old photograph of a commercial Guangzhou street
Guangzhou ("Canton") and the surrounding islands of Henan ("Hanan"), Pazhou ("Whampoa"), changzhou ("Dane's Island"), and Xiaoguwei ("French Island") during the First Opium War's Second Battle of Canton. The large East Indiamen of the Canton trade used the anchorage sheltered by these four islands, but the village and island of Huangpu for which it was named make up no part of present-day Guangzhou's Huangpu District.
Mausoleum of the 72 Martyrs
Map of Guangzhou (labeled as KUANG-CHOU (CANTON) 廣州) in surrounding region (AMS, 1954)
Tiantang Peak, highest mountain in Guangzhou
The first Canton Fair (1957) at the Sino-Soviet Friendship Building
The east square of Guangzhou railway station in 1991.
Guangzhou Opera House
Guangdong Olympic Stadium
Tianhe Stadium is the home of Guangzhou F.C.
Yuexiushan Stadium is the home of Guangzhou City F.C.
Canton Tower
Bombax ceiba, Guangzhou's official flower
Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street
Sun Yat-sen University main gate
The College of Medical Science at Sun Yat-sen University
Guangzhou Library
Nieuhof's imaginative 1665 map of "Kanton",<ref>{{citation |last=La Carpentier |first=Jean-Baptiste |author-link=Jean-Baptiste Le Carpentier |title=L'Ambassade de la Compagnie Orientale des Provinces Unies vers l'Empereur de la Chine [Embassy of the United Provinces' East India Company to the Emperor of China] |date=1655 |language=fr}}</ref> made from secondhand accounts when Europeans were still forbidden from entering the walled city
The Thirteen Factories {{c.|1805|lk=no}}, displaying the flags of Denmark, Spain, the United States, Sweden, Britain, and the Netherlands
An 1855 painting of the gallery of Tingqua, one of the most successful suppliers of "export paintings" for Guangzhou's foreign traders.
Vrooman's 1860 map of the "City and Entire Suburbs of Canton", one of the first made after the treaties of Tianjin and Beijing permitted foreigners full access to Guangzhou's walled city
The Flowery Pagoda at the Temple of the Six Banyan Trees in 1863
The Five-story Pagoda atop Yuexiu Hill {{c.|1880|lk=no}}
The Sacred Heart Cathedral towering over the one- and two-story homes of old Guangzhou {{c.|1880|lk=no}}
Street scene in Guangzhou, 1919
The US Navy's Dept of Navigation's 1920 map of "Canton"<ref>{{citation |url=https://archive.org/stream/cantonchina00unitrich#page/4/mode/2up |title=US Navy Ports of the World: Canton |publisher=US Bureau of Navigation |series=Ditty Box Guide Book Series |year=1920 |at=Canton}}</ref>
Sun Yat-sen and Chiang Kai-shek at the opening of the Whampoa Military Academy on 16 June 1924
The Guangzhou Bund in 1930, with rows of Tanka boats.
The People's Liberation Army entering Guangzhou on 14 October 1949
Map of Guangzhou (labeled as KUANG-CHOU (CANTON))
Guangzhou skyline
The former Canton Fair site at Yuexiu's Liuhua Complex
Interior of the current Canton Fair site in Pazhou, 2006
Gongyuanqian Station of the Guangzhou Metro
Tianhe Sports Center Station (GBRT)
Baiyun International Airport in Huadu District
A CRH3 Train at Guangzhou South Railway Station
A Tram at Wanshengwei Station
Guangzhou's Temple of the Five Immortals
{{nowrap|The Hall of the 500 Arhats}} at the {{nowrap|Flowery Forest Temple}} (Hualin) in the 1870s
{{nowrap|The Temple of Bright Filial Piety}}
Guangzhou's City God Temple
The sacred pigs of the Ocean Banner Temple ({{nowrap|Hoi Tong)}} in the 1830s
{{nowrap|The Flower Pagoda}} at the Temple of the Six Banyan Trees (Liurong)
The Thousand Buddha Tower at the present-day {{nowrap|Hoi Tong Monastery}}
Sacred Heart Cathedral
Tianhe Church, built in 2017
The Pearl River at Haiyin Bridge
Zhujiang New City from Pakwan or Baiyun Mountain
A brick carving at the Guangzhou Folk Art Museum, housed in the Chen Clan Ancestral Hall
Canton Custom House (est. 1916), one of the oldest surviving in China
Aiqun Hotel, Guangzhou's tallest building from 1937 to 1967
Our Lady of Lourdes Chapel on Shamian
The old provincial capitol, now the Museum of Revolutionary History
Guangzhou's CBD, including the IFC (right)

J.P. Morgan was awarded millions in damages and the line to Wuchang was not completed until 1936 and the completion of a unified Beijing–Guangzhou Railway waited until the completion of Wuhan's Yangtze River Bridge in 1957.

Chongqing

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Municipality in southwest China.

Municipality in southwest China.

A street scene in Chongqing, c. 1944
A sunset view of Jiefangbei CBD and Hongya Cave, taken in 2017
Map including Chongqing (labeled as 重慶 CH'UNG-CH'ING (CHUNGKING)) (AMS, 1954)
Topography of Chongqing
Qutang Gorge on the Yangtze River
In the spring and fall, downtown Chongqing is often enshrouded in fog.
The Great Hall of the People serves as the venue for major political conferences in Chongqing
Jiefangbei CBD, Yuzhong Peninsula of Chongqing at night
Jiefangbei (People's Liberation Monument), the landmark and center of Chongqing
Chongqing products treemap, 2020
Entrance to the Chongqing Nankai Secondary School
A train of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2 coming through a residential building at Liziba station.
An aerial tramway across the Yangtse river in Chongqing CBD Photo by Chen Hualin
Hydrofoil on the Yangtze in the outer reaches of the municipality
Chongqing funicular railway
View of Chaotianmen Bridge across the Yangtze River in Chongqing
Zhongshan Ancient Town, Jiangjin, Chongqing
Chongqing Grand Theater
Martyrs' Cemetery
Chongqing Art Museum
The Hongya Cave (Hongya-dong) traditional Bayu-style stilted houses at Jiefangbei CBD
The steep path up to the front gate of Fishing Town
Ciqikou ancient road in Shapingba District
Typical Chongqing hot pot served with minced shrimp, tripes, pork aorta, goose intestine, and kidney slices.
Chongqing Xiao mian with peas and spicy bean paste
Laziji is famous for its crispy texture
Jiangbeizui CBD from above, taken in 2018
Chaotianmen Bridge connects Jiangbei District with Nan'an District of Chongqing, taken in 2018
Jiefangbei ({{zh|c=解放碑|l=People's Liberation Monument|labels=no}}) is a World War II victory monument
Raffles City Chongqing, sitting in the confluence of Yangtze and Jialing River

After the General and remaining army had lived there for a time following their retreat in 1938 from the previous capital of Wuhan, it was formally declared the second capital city (陪都, pèi dū) on 6 September 1940.

The map of Hankou (top left, with the five foreign concessions), Hanyang, and Wuchang, as of 1915

Hankou

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The map of Hankou (top left, with the five foreign concessions), Hanyang, and Wuchang, as of 1915
Map of Hankou (labeled as HAN-K'OU (HANKOW) 漢口)
Troops sent to recapture Hankou
Bombardment of Hankow (1911)
Foreign concessions along the Bund, circa 1900
Bastille Day celebrations, 1932
Chinese Kuomintang soldiers marching into the British concession during the Northern Expedition
1926, Hankow, American sailors from the USS Palos (docked behind)
Former Hankou Orthodox Church
Jianghan Road in central Hankou
Modern Jiang'an District, Jianghan District, and Qiaokou District are in brown, dark green, and orange

Hankou, alternately romanized as Hankow, was one of the three towns (the other two were Wuchang and Hanyang) merged to become modern-day Wuhan city, the capital of the Hubei province, China.

Kuomintang

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Major political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan).

Major political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan).

The Revolutionary Army attacking Nanjing in 1911
The KMT reveres its founder, Sun Yat-sen, as the "Father of the Nation"
Venue of the 1st National Congress of Kuomintang in 1924
Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the Kuomintang after Sun's death in 1925
KMT flag displayed in Lhasa, Tibet in 1938
The National Revolutionary Army soldiers marched into the British concessions in Hankou during the Northern Expedition
The KMT in Tihwa, Sinkiang in 1942
Nationalist soldiers during the Second Sino-Japanese War
The retrocession of Taiwan in Taipei on 25 October 1945
The former KMT headquarters in Taipei City (1949–2006), whose imposing structure, directly facing the Presidential Office Building, was seen as a symbol of the party's wealth and dominance
Pan-blue supporters at a rally during the 2004 presidential election
Kuomintang public service center in Shilin, Taipei
Lien Chan (middle) and Wu Po-hsiung (second left) and the KMT touring the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing, People's Republic of China when the Pan-Blue coalition visited the mainland in 2005
KMT headquarters in Taipei City before the KMT Central Committee moved in June 2006 to a much more modest Bade building, having sold the original headquarters to private investors of the EVA Airways Corporation
KMT Kinmen headquarters office in Jincheng Township, Kinmen County
KMT Building in Vancouver's Chinatown, British Columbia, Canada
KMT branch office in Pingzhen District, Taoyuan City
The KMT maintains offices in some of the Chinatowns of the world and its United States party headquarters are located in San Francisco Chinatown, on Stockton Street directly across the Chinese Six Companies
KMT Eastern U.S. headquarters is in New York Chinatown
KMT office of Australasia in Sydney, Australia
From left to right, KMT members pay tribute to the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Beijing in 1928 after the success of the Northern Expedition: Generals Cheng Jin, Zhang Zuobao, Chen Diaoyuan, Chiang Kai-shek, Woo Tsin-hang, Yan Xishan, General Ma Fuxiang, Ma Sida and General Bai Chongxi
Malaysian Chinese Association
Vietnamese Kuomintang
People's Action Party of Vietnam
Taipei Grand Mosque
The KMT reveres its founder, Sun Yat-sen, as the "Father of the Nation"
Venue of the 1st National Congress of Kuomintang in 1924

Wang Jing Wei, who led the KMT leftist allies, took the city of Wuhan in January 1927.

Hanyang District

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Hanyang Arsenal
Map including Hanyang (labeled as HAN-YANG 漢陽) (1953)
Wuchang (foreground) and Hanyang (background) seen from the Yellow Crane Tower

Hanyang District forms part of the urban core of and is one of 13 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, China.

Clockwise from top-left: Chiang inspecting soldiers of the National Revolutionary Army; NRA troops marching north; an NRA artillery unit in combat; civilians showing support for the NRA; peasants volunteering to join the expedition; NRA soldiers preparing to launch an attack.

Northern Expedition

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Military campaign launched by the National Revolutionary Army of the Kuomintang (KMT), also known as the "Chinese Nationalist Party", against the Beiyang government and other regional warlords in 1926.

Military campaign launched by the National Revolutionary Army of the Kuomintang (KMT), also known as the "Chinese Nationalist Party", against the Beiyang government and other regional warlords in 1926.

Clockwise from top-left: Chiang inspecting soldiers of the National Revolutionary Army; NRA troops marching north; an NRA artillery unit in combat; civilians showing support for the NRA; peasants volunteering to join the expedition; NRA soldiers preparing to launch an attack.
Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, commander-in-chief of the NRA, emerged from the Northern Expedition as the leader of the KMT and China.
Chiang Kai-shek prepares to leave Guangzhou. Those pictured include Mikhail Borodin, on the far left, Vasily Blyukher in military uniform on the right, and Chiang himself in uniform, to the right of Blyukher.
NRA troops preparing to attack Wuchang
NRA forces enter the British concession at Hankou, October 1926
Routes of the Northern Expedition
Members of the National Pacification military government, from left to right: Pan Fu, Gungsangnorbu, Wu Junsheng, Sun Chuanfang, Zhang Zuoxiang, and Zhang Zongchang
Mikhail Borodin making a speech in Wuhan, 1927
Feng Yuxiang meets with Chiang Kai-shek in Xuzhou on 19 June 1927
Shanxi warlord Yan Xishan started to fight the NPA in October 1927, strengthening the KMT military position
Beiyang warlord soldiers retreating by railway
When Zhang Xueliang (right) decided to make peace with the nationalist government, his former subordinates Zhang Zongchang (middle) and Chu Yupu (left) unsuccessfully attempted to overthrow him.
The leaders of the Northern Expedition gather on 6 July 1928 at Sun Yat-sen's mausoleum in the Temple of Azure Clouds, Beijing, to commemorate the completion of their mission.

The first phase ended in a 1927 political split between two factions of the KMT: the right-leaning Nanjing faction, led by Chiang, and the left-leaning faction in Wuhan, led by Wang Jingwei.